{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:34Z","timestamp":1787028634231,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare the clinical and polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (Group A) and comorbidities (Group B). Methods: A five-year prospective study using nocturnal polysomnography before and after treatment. Results: We included 168 patients: 121 in Group A and 47 in Group B, with differences in age (6.5 \u00b1 3 vs. 8.6 \u00b1 4 years; p &lt; 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (18 \u00b1 4 vs. 20 \u00b1 7 kg\/m2; p &lt; 0.05), neck circumference (28 \u00b1 4 vs. 30 \u00b1 5 cm; p &lt; 0.05), and obesity (17% vs. 30%; p &lt; 0.05). Group B patients were more likely to have facial anomalies (p &lt; 0.001), macroglossia (p &lt; 0.01), dolichocephaly (p &lt; 0.01), micrognathia (p &lt; 0.001), and prognathism (p &lt; 0.05). Adenotonsillectomy was performed in 103 Group A patients (85%) and 28 Group B patients (60%) (p &lt; 0.001). In B, 13 children (28%) received treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and 2 (4%) with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), compared with 7 in Group A (6%) (p &lt; 0.001). Maxillofacial surgery was more common in Group B (p &lt; 0.01). Clinical and polysomnography parameters improved significantly in both groups after therapeutic intervention, though Group A showed better results. Conclusions: Obesity and facial anomalies are more frequent in childhood OSA patients with comorbidities, who often require combination therapy, such as ventilation and surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T06:56:48Z","timestamp":1679381808000},"page":"2418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with and without Comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3374-4623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eusebi","family":"Chiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose N.","family":"Sancho-Chust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Boira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Castell\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Celis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Va\u00f1es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Torba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Multidisciplinary Sleep Clinic, San Juan de Alicante University Hospital, 03550 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Consensus document on sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children. 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