{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:01:42Z","timestamp":1760148102345,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Migraine is one of the most frequent primary headaches in childhood. The role of thrombotic predisposition in its pathogenesis is debated. Our aim was to analyse the cardiovascular risk factors and family history of major thrombotic events in children with migraine. Methods: A retrospective, single-centre study was performed over 12 years. Our headache centre record database was screened for migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) on the basis of the ICHD-II (until 2013) and III criteria. A control group of otherwise healthy children was recruited. Descriptive and multivariate analyses are provided; significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Migraine was diagnosed in 930 children (24.7% MA); 73.3% were 9\u201314 years old. Children with MA were older (p &lt; 0.001). A family history of cerebral ischemic events at \u226450 years old was more commonly reported by children with MA than those with MO (p &lt; 0.001) and those in the control group (p = 0.001). Children with MA showed a higher risk of a family history of cerebral ischemic events at \u226450 years old than children with MO (OR: 2.6) and those in the control group (OR: 3.1). When comparing the family history of DVT, we observed a significantly increased risk for MA vs. MO (OR: 2.9). Conclusion: A family history of cerebral ischemic events at \u226450 years old leads to an increased risk of MA. Further studies are needed to explore such an association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T01:31:30Z","timestamp":1680139890000},"page":"2582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Family History of Major Thrombotic Events in Children with Migraine: A 12-Year Retrospective Single-Centre Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL TO3, Via Rivalta 29, 10098 Rivoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Castagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8749-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Ricceri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bondone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Versace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, Pediatric Headache Centre, Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and injuries collaborators (2019). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet, 396, 1204\u20131222."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0539-y","article-title":"Lifestyle factors and migraine in childhood","volume":"20","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0341-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of migraine and headache in children and adolescents","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409351803","article-title":"Migraine with aura with onset in childhood and adolescence: Long-term natural history and prognostic factors","volume":"30","author":"Termine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000240131.69632.4f","article-title":"Prognosis of migraine headaches in adolescents: A 10-year follow up study","volume":"67","author":"Monastero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-009-0133-3","article-title":"Favorable outcome of early treatment of new onset child and adolescent migraine-implications for disease modification","volume":"10","author":"Charles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-014-0524-1","article-title":"Migraine and the risk for stroke and cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Sacco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k96","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k96","article-title":"Migraine and risk of cardiovascular diseases: Danish population based matched cohort study","volume":"360","author":"Adelborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"e6189","article-title":"A Comprehensive Assessment of Vascular and Nonvascular Risk Factors Associated with Migraine","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b3914","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3914","article-title":"Migraine and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"339","author":"Rist","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70266-6","article-title":"Migraine and stroke: A complex association with clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Kurth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2810-3","article-title":"Migraine as a risk factor for young patients with ischemic stroke: A case-control study","volume":"38","author":"Abanoz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415576222","article-title":"Is migraine a risk factor for pediatric stroke?","volume":"35","author":"Gelfand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia, 24, 9\u2013160."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia, 38, 1\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415598758","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of migraine in the pediatric population of Northern Italy","volume":"36","author":"Tarasco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sordyl, J., Kopyta, I., Sarecka-Hujar, B., Matusik, P., Francuz, T., and Malecka-Tendera, E. (2022). Selected factors of vascular changes: The potential pathological processes underlying primary headaches in children. Children, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111660"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000077","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000077","article-title":"Migraine and stroke","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03199.x","article-title":"Headache, migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: The HUNT study","volume":"18","author":"Winsvold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0344-1","article-title":"The link between obesity and migraine in childhood: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Farello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5704","article-title":"Association between migraine and cervical artery dissection: The Italian project on stroke in young adults","volume":"74","author":"Grassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3598","article-title":"Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine","volume":"48","author":"Gormley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00600.x","article-title":"Are vascular disorders more prevalent in the relatives of children and adolescents with migraine?","volume":"23","author":"Lanzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-14-80","article-title":"Peripheral vascular dysfunction in migraine: A review","volume":"14","author":"Sacco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000448473","article-title":"Hemiplegic migraine presenting with prolonged somnolence: A case report","volume":"8","author":"Saleh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.045096","article-title":"Migraine mutations increase stroke vulnerability by facilitating ischemic depolarizations","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7172","article-title":"Association of migraine with aura and other risk factors with incident cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"323","author":"Kurth","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0696-2","article-title":"Obesity and migraine in childhood","volume":"22","author":"Toldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12297","article-title":"Obesity and headache: Part II\u2014Potential mechanism and treatment considerations","volume":"54","author":"Chai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.11.003","article-title":"Pediatric migraine","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x","article-title":"Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"52","author":"Razak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102409355601","article-title":"Migraine prevalence by age and sex in the United States: A life-span study","volume":"30","author":"Victor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0789-z","article-title":"Symptoms and clinical parameters of pediatric and adolescent migraine, by gender\u2014A retrospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Zeharia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20191357","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1357","article-title":"Alcohol use by youth","volume":"144","author":"Ryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/7\/2582\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:06:22Z","timestamp":1760123182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/7\/2582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12072582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12072582","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]}}}