{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:18:15Z","timestamp":1792153095324,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical navigation technology combines patient imaging studies with intraoperative real-time data to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes. The navigation workflow can also include preoperative planning, which can reliably simulate the intended resection and reconstruction. The advantage of this approach in skull-base surgery is that it guides access into a complex three-dimensional area and orients tumors intraoperatively with regard to critical structures, such as the orbit, carotid artery and brain. This enhances a surgeon\u2019s capabilities to preserve normal anatomy while resecting tumors with adequate margins. The aim of this narrative review is to outline the state of the art and the future directions of surgical navigation in the skull base, focusing on the advantages and pitfalls of this technique. We will also present our group experience in this field, within the frame of the current research trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T01:39:26Z","timestamp":1680658766000},"page":"2706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Skull-Base Surgery\u2014A Narrative Review on Current Approaches and Future Developments in Surgical Navigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Tzelnick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"},{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Rampinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Technology for Health (PhD Program), Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Sahovaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"},{"name":"Head & Neck Surgery Unit, University College London Hospitals, London NW1 2PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harley H. L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"},{"name":"Guided Therapeutics (GTx) Program, TECHNA Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25255","article-title":"Virtual planning and navigational technology in reconstructive surgery","volume":"118","author":"Shenaq","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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