{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T05:17:59Z","timestamp":1788671879948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Radiological evidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) has been reported to have a prevalence of more than 30% and several risk factors have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with symptomatic ASD treated with stand-alone OLIF and compare results with a posterior revision surgery cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study. Clinical-patient-reported outcomes were obtained at preoperative, postoperative and final follow-up visits using the Short Form (SF-36) scale, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the visual analog scale (VAS). Radiological measures include lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, segmental coronal Cobb angle and intervertebral disc height (DH). The data are compared with a retrospective series of patients that underwent a posterior revision surgery for ASD. Results: Twenty-eight patients in the OLIF group and 25 patients in the posterior group meet inclusion criteria. The mean ages at the time of the surgery are 65.1 years and 67.5, respectively. The mean follow-up time is 36.1 months (range of 14\u201356). The clinical outcomes significantly improve from preoperative values from the surgery in both groups. The radiological parameters are significantly improved postoperatively and were maintained at the last follow-up in both groups. A statistically significant difference is observed between the two groups for minor complication rate, length of surgery, blood loss and DH restoration. Conclusions: Stand-alone OLIF is an effective and safe technique with low morbidity and complication rates for the treatment of selected patients with symptomatic ASD following a previous lumbar fusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T02:01:11Z","timestamp":1681956071000},"page":"2985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Stand-Alone Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (OLIF) for the Treatment of Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD) after Previous Posterior Lumbar Fusion: Clinical and Radiological Outcomes and Comparison with Posterior Revision Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Miscusi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5087-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sokol","family":"Trungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Cardinale G. Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5110-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Forcato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Cardinale G. Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ramieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Raco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Department, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000243276.09094.5f","article-title":"Changes in the utilization of spinal fusion in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Cowan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.014","article-title":"Trends in the surgical treatment of lumbar spine disease in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Pannell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.09.026","article-title":"National trends in the surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease: United States, 2000 to 2009","volume":"15","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyw162","article-title":"Lumbar fusion for degenerative disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Yavin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822","article-title":"Trends in Lumbar Fusion Procedure Rates and Associated Hospital Costs for Degenerative Spinal Diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015","volume":"44","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1384","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002710","article-title":"Adjacent Segment Disease After Single Segment Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Minimum 10 Years Follow-up","volume":"43","author":"Okuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1060-3","article-title":"Risk factors for adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. 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