{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:05:53Z","timestamp":1760148353423,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections affecting the superficial keratinized layer of the skin, nails, and hair are referred to as dermatophytosis and dermatomycoses, which constitute the most common type of fungal infection that affects people. This clinical ailment has a prevalence of between 30 and 60% and is more common in India\u2019s hot, muggy, tropical climate. Examining the prevalence of superficial mycoses (SM), their clinical symptoms, and the fungal species that were identified as the disease-causing agents were the main objectives of the current study. This study comprised 250 clinically confirmed patients with SM who visited our dermatology department over the course of a year. Skin scrapings, nail clippings, and hair samples were gathered, mounted, and cultured using KOH. Macroscopic examination of culture, tease mount, and phenotypic tests were used to identify the species. The age group of 11\u201320 years (29%) had the highest prevalence of SM out of the 250 clinically verified cases of the condition that were included in our study, followed by 21\u201330 years (20%) and 31\u201340 years (18%). Candida albicans, dermatophytes, and non-dermatophytic moulds were the three most prevalent fungal isolates. The most typical dermatophyte isolate was T. rubrum, which was primarily found in Tinea corporis (TCo), Tinea cruris (TCr), and Tinea faciei (TFa). T. mentagrophytes was the second most frequent isolate. According to our investigation, it was determined that non-dermatophytic moulds constitute a significant contributor to the development of SM in addition to dermatophytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:31:05Z","timestamp":1682303465000},"page":"3051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analytical Study on Current Trends in the Clinico-Mycological Profile among Patients with Superficial Mycoses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shreekant","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monalisah","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Shri Jagannath Medical College and Hospital, Puri 752002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swetalona","family":"Pattanaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganiga Channaiah","family":"Shivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, People\u2019s College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, People\u2019s University, Bhopal 462037, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bukanakere Sangappa","family":"Sunila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-4126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cicci\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Minervini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150462","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0462","article-title":"Medical mycology and fungal immunology: New research perspectives addressing a major world health challenge","volume":"371","author":"Gow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x","article-title":"Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide","volume":"51","author":"Havlickova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-8157\/a001170","article-title":"Dermatologie f\u00fcr Grundversorger","volume":"102","author":"Itin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Praxis"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"283","article-title":"Clinico-mycological profile of superficial mycoses","volume":"64","author":"Mishra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"329","article-title":"A clinico-mycological study of superficial mycoses in upper Assam","volume":"61","author":"Huda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000097876","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Breast Cancer","volume":"117","author":"Nastro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troiano, G., Zhurakivska, K., Lo Muzio, L., Laino, L., Cicci\u00f9, M., and Lo Russo, L. (2017). Combination of Bone Graft and Resorbable Membrane for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. J. Periodontol., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170241"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"la Torre, G., Shivkumar, S., Mehta, V., Kumar Vaddamanu, S., Shetty, U.A., Hussain Alhamoudi, F., Ali Alwadi, M.M., Ibrahim Aldosari, L.N., Ali Alshadidi, A.F., and Minervini, G. (2023). Surgical Protocols before and after COVID-19-A Narrative Review. Vaccines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11020439"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta, V., Sarode, G.S., Obulareddy, V.T., Sharma, T., Kokane, S., Cicci\u00f9, M., and Minervini, G. (2023). Clinicopathologic Profile, Management and Outcome of Sinonasal Ameloblastoma\u2014A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010381"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13787","article-title":"Psychological Profile and Unexpected Pain in Oral Lichen Planus: A Case\u2013Control Multicenter SIPMO Study a","volume":"28","author":"Adamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kochhar, A.S., Sidhu, M.S., Prabhakar, M., Bhasin, R., Kochhar, G.K., Dadlani, H., Spagnuolo, G., and Mehta, V.V. (2021). Intra- and Interobserver Reliability of Bone Volume Estimation Using OsiriX Software in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Dent. J., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9020014"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campus, G., Diaz-Betancourt, M., Cagetti, M.G., Carvalho, J.C., Carvalho, T.S., Cort\u00e9s-Martinicorena, J.F., Deschner, J., Douglas, G.V., Giacaman, R.A., and Machiulskiene, V. (2020). Study protocol for an online questionnaire survey on symptoms\/signs, protective measures, level of awareness and perception regarding COVID-19 outbreak among dentists. A global survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155598"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210602014010298","article-title":"COVID-19 Is a New Challenge for Dental Practitioners: Advice on Patients\u2019 Management from Prevention of Cross Infections to Telemedicine","volume":"14","author":"Giudice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"12","article-title":"Personalized Medicine Perception about Health Applications (Apps) in Smartphones towards Telemedicine during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"12","author":"Amenta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(03)80053-9","article-title":"Clinico-mycological Profile of Superficial Mycosis in a Hospital in North-East India","volume":"59","author":"Grover","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"51","article-title":"A Study on Superficial Fungal Infection from West Bengal: A Brief Report","volume":"1","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90017-1","article-title":"Mycoses in India\u2014Study in Madras","volume":"75","author":"Kamalam","year":"1981","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9509705","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9509705","article-title":"Clinicomycological Characterization of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal","volume":"2016","author":"Khadka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dermatol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03674.x","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinicomycologic profile of onychomycosis from north India","volume":"47","author":"Sarma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"326","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A significant medical problem","volume":"68","author":"Jesudanam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"280","article-title":"Dermatophytoses in a desert district of Western Rajasthan","volume":"61","author":"Karmakar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"85","article-title":"A study of superficial mycoses in South Gujarat Region","volume":"1","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Natl. J. Community Med."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"455","article-title":"Dermatomycosis in and around Aurangabad","volume":"42","author":"Patwardhan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"135","article-title":"A Clinico-Mycological Study of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital of a North Indian Town","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"259","article-title":"Clinico-mycological study of dermatophytosis in Calicut","volume":"68","author":"Bindu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparative study of different microscopic techniques and culture media for the isolation of dermatophytes","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02482-8","article-title":"Dermatophytosis in Assam","volume":"24","author":"Sen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"30","article-title":"\u201cEpizoonosis of dermatophytosis\u201d: A clinico-mycological study of dermatophytic infections in central Nepal","volume":"10","author":"Mathur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. (KUMJ)"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.79718","article-title":"Change in spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from superficial mycoses cases: First report from Central India","volume":"77","author":"Sahai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"496","article-title":"Epidemiology of Subcutaneous Mycoses in Northeast India: A Retrospective Study","volume":"63","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12943","article-title":"Subcutaneous mycoses in coastal Karnataka in south India","volume":"55","author":"Bhat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.49.165","article-title":"Overview of opportunistic fungal infections in India","volume":"49","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, R., Singh, G., Ghosh, A., Verma, K.K., Pandey, M., and Xess, I. (2017). Chromoblastomycosis in India: Review of 169 cases. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/655683","article-title":"Epidemiology of opportunistic fungal infections in Latin America","volume":"51","author":"Nucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/9\/3051\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:21:20Z","timestamp":1760124080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/9\/3051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12093051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12093051","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]]}}}