{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:24:46Z","timestamp":1790267086414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is generally accepted as the gold standard for high-quality medicine and, thus, for managing patients with tinnitus. EBM integrates the best available scientific information with clinical experience and patient values to guide decision-making about clinical management. To help health care providers and clinicians, the available evidence is commonly translated into medical or clinical guidelines based on a consensus. These involve a systematic review of the literature and meta-analytic aggregation of research findings followed by the formulation of clinical recommendations. However, this approach also has limitations, which include a lack of consideration of individual patient characteristics, the susceptibility of guideline recommendations to material and immaterial conflicts of interest of guideline authors and long latencies till new knowledge is implemented in guidelines. A further important aspect in interpreting the existing literature is that the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. These circumstances could result in the decoupling of recommendations and their supporting evidence, which becomes evident when guidelines from different countries differ in their recommendations. This opinion paper will discuss how these weaknesses can be addressed in tinnitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T06:20:42Z","timestamp":1682317242000},"page":"3087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Tinnitus Guidelines and Their Evidence Base"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Berthold","family":"Langguth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Kleinjung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7942-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winfried","family":"Schlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Information and Process Management, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"De Ridder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, D.A., Lainez, M.J., Newman, C.W., Sanchez, T.G., Egler, M., Tennigkeit, F., Koch, M., and Langguth, B. 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