{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T09:42:14Z","timestamp":1781343734512,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare subepithelial tumors that arise from the neuroendocrine cells beneath the epithelial layer. However, an accurate histopathological diagnosis is difficult when tissue samples are obtained using conventional endoscopic forceps biopsy alone. This study aimed to evaluate the magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) findings of duodenal NETs. We retrospectively analyzed a database of 22 duodenal NETs from 21 patients who underwent ME-NBI between January 2011 and June 2022. The ME-NBI, endosonographic, and histopathologic findings of duodenal NETs were analyzed. Nineteen lesions were located in the bulb, two were located in the superior duodenal angle, and one was located in the second portion of the duodenum. Eighteen lesions (82%) had IIa morphology, and nine (41%) had central depression on the surface. On endoscopic ultrasonography, almost all lesions (20\/22, 91%) were located in the second and\/or third layers, and the median tumor size was 6 mm. During ME-NBI, the microsurface pattern was regular in 18 lesions (82%) and absent in 4 (18%). The microvascular pattern was regular in 17 lesions (77%), irregular in 4 (18%), and absent in 1 (5%). Thickened subepithelial vessels were observed in 15 (68%) lesions. There was no difference in tumor size according to the presence or absence of thickened subepithelial vessels (6.1 \u00b1 1.8 mm vs. 5.9 \u00b1 3.8 mm, p = 0.860). In conclusion, the characteristic ME-NBI findings of duodenal NETs were regular microsurface and microvascular patterns and the presence of thickened subepithelial vessels. These ME-NBI features may be useful for differentiating duodenal NETs from other duodenal subepithelial lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T01:37:01Z","timestamp":1682386621000},"page":"3106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow-Band Imaging for Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwang Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Chan","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Kyung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970215)79:4<813::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors","volume":"79","author":"Modlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \u201dcarcinoid\u201d: Epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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