{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:17:34Z","timestamp":1789168654605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the difference in composition between 100% autologous serum (AS) and 100% platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops and assess their impact on the clinical outcomes after the treatment of severe dry eye (DE) in primary Sjogren Syndrome patients (pSS). Materials and Methods: This is an interventional, non-randomized, comparative, three-month study. 22 patients with severe DE in pSS were treated with 100% AS (22 eyes) and 100% PRP (22 eyes) eye drops 5 times per day in monotherapy mode. The quantifications of growth factors (GFs) such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-b), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibronectin, and substance p in hemoderivates were done. The main outcome measures were: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining according to the Oxford scale, conjunctival hyperaemia, and Meibomian gland parameters. The results were compared at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months following the treatment. The clinical results were correlated with the concentration of GFs in the biological tear substitutes. Results: Significant differences were observed in the concentration of FGF (4.42 \u00b1 0.86 vs. 15.96 \u00b1 7.63, p &lt; 0.0001), EGF (4.98 \u00b1 0.97 vs. 39.06 \u00b1 20.18, p &lt; 0.0001), fibronectin (929.6 \u00b1 111.5 vs. 823.64 \u00b1 98.49, p = 0.0005), VEGF (175.45 \u00b1 65.93 vs. 717.35 \u00b1 488.15, p &lt; 0.0001), PDGF AB (619.6 \u00b1 117.30 vs. 349.66 \u00b1 79.82, p &lt; 0.0001), NGF (85.22 \u00b1 23.49 vs. 8.29 \u00b1 9.06, p &lt; 0.0001), PDGF (935.38 \u00b1 434.26 vs. 126.66 \u00b1 54.41, p &lt; 0.0001), substance p (112.58 \u00b1 27.28 vs. 127.51 \u00b1 26.56, p = 0.0125) in PRP compared to AS. The level of TGF-\u03b2 was undoubtedly higher in AS than in PRP (1031.37 \u00b1 330.23 vs. 726.03 \u00b1 298.95, p = 0.0004). No significant differences between AS and PRP were observed in the concentration of IGF. Therapy with blood products relieved the signs and symptoms in pSS DE patients. There was a statistically significant improvement in BCVA, the Schirmer test, TBUT, Meibomian gland parameters, and the reduction of the OSDI scores, Oxford staining, and conjunctiva hyperaemia in each of the groups. However, the clinical changes were more significant in the PRP group. There were numerous correlations between the level of GFs and the mean change in clinical outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Despite the fact that blood derivatives differ in composition, they seem to be effective and safe in the treatment of severe DE in pSS patients. The signs and symptoms of DE were reduced in both groups, but only the mean change in OSDI was statistically significant. A greater reduction in OSDI scores was observed in the PRP group. The obtained results and the composition of haemoderivates may indicate the superiority of PRP in relieving the symptoms of DE in pSS patients compared to AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T01:44:42Z","timestamp":1682473482000},"page":"3126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Comparison between the Composition of 100% Autologous Serum and 100% Platelet-Rich Plasma Eye Drops and Their Impact on the Treatment Effectiveness of Dry Eye Disease in Primary Sjogren Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1325-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Wr\u00f3bel-Dudzi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6076-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Przekora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Kazimierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"\u0106wikli\u0144ska-Haszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kosior-Jarecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6978-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"\u017barnowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127417","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1127417","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: Review and update","volume":"14","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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