{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:06:49Z","timestamp":1760148409624,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Frontal sinus involvement by malignant tumors is a rare finding. Therefore, a systematic literature review along with a personal case series may contribute to defining more accurately the epidemiology, treatment options, and outcomes of these neoplasms. This is a retrospective review of patients affected by frontal sinus malignancies surgically treated in a tertiary-care referral center over a period of 20 years. Moreover, a systematic literature review of studies describing frontal sinus cancers from 2000 to date was performed according to PRISMA guidelines in order to analyze current evidence about the treatment and outcomes of such a rare disease. Our retrospective review was basedon 84 cases, treated with an exclusive endoscopic approach in 43 cases (51.2%), endoscopic approach with frontal osteoplastic flap in 6 cases (7.1%), and transfacial or transcranial approaches in 35 cases (41.7%). The five-year overall, disease-specific, disease-free, and recurrence-free survivals were 54.6%, 62.6%, 33.1%, and 59.1%, respectively. Age, dural involvement, type of surgical resection, and surgical margin status were significantly associated with the survival endpoints. In conclusion, the involvement of the frontal sinus is associated with a poor prognosis. Multidisciplinary management, including specific histology-driven treatments, represents the gold standard for improving outcomes and minimizing morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T09:54:53Z","timestamp":1682675693000},"page":"3186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sinonasal Malignancies Involving the Frontal Sinus: A Mono-Institutional Experience of 84 Cases and Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4349-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sileo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8708-8716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Gravante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-6562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto D.","family":"Arosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0084-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Bignami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Lariana, Ospedale Sant\u2019Anna, University of Insubria, 22042 Como, Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6189-5889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Turri-Zanoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Head and Neck Surgery and Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRc), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815621878","article-title":"Frontal Sinus Malignancies: A Population-Based Analysis of Incidence and 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