{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:24:41Z","timestamp":1781234681702,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u2013 Ricerca Corrente 2022","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In chronic wounds, high concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can cause excessive proteolysis and slow wound healing. Consequently, restoring a proper MMP balance can help reduce the risk of a chronic wound. An antiseptic solution containing 0.05% sodium hypochlorite (Amukine Med 0.05%, Angelini S.p.A.; hereafter termed NaClO solution) is available on the market. The NaClO solution was proven effective and safe in managing infected skin wounds. To further characterize its activity, this study evaluated the in vitro activity of the NaClO solution on the monocyte release of MMPs. Methods: Human monocytic THP-1 (ATCC\u00ae TIB-202\u2122) cell lines were differentiated into macrophages and treated with different concentrations of NaClO (from 0.05% to 5 \u00d7 10\u22127%). In addition, the THP-1 cell line was stimulated with wound fluid (WF) from patients with active venous leg ulcers in the inflammatory phase. The effect of NaClO (0.025\u20130.0062%) was also evaluated on healthy human peripheral blood serum samples. The effects of treatments on the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 were evaluated by gelatin zymography. The effects on MMPs release were evaluated through the Pro\u2122 Human MMP 9-plex Assay. An exploratory scratch wound healing assay was also performed. Results: The NaClO solution reduced the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 and its activated form. The downregulation of MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity was also observed in peripheral blood serum. The MMPs profile showed a reduction in MMP-1 release (p &lt; 0.05) and a slight reduction of the release of MMP-9 and MMP-12 after the treatment with LPS and the NaClO solution. A slight improvement in wound healing was observed after macrophage activation and treatment with the NaClO solution. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest a possible ability of the NaClO solution to modulate the proteolytic pathways in the wound microenvironment, further characterizing its activity and use in clinical practice during wound care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T10:51:52Z","timestamp":1682679112000},"page":"3189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite 0.05% on MMP-9 Extracellular Release in Chronic Wounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgina","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Consultant, ToxHub S.r.l. Albano Laziale, 00073 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Capezzone","family":"de Joannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&D Angelini Pharma S.p.A, Via Vecchia del Pinocchio, 22, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Vergassola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&D Angelini Pharma S.p.A, Via Vecchia del Pinocchio, 22, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&D Angelini Pharma S.p.A, Via Vecchia del Pinocchio, 22, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8112-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Mannello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, Section of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorella","family":"Ragni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&D Angelini Pharma S.p.A, Via Vecchia del Pinocchio, 22, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.08.003","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: The sculptors of chronic cutaneous wounds","volume":"1864","author":"Krishnaswamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. 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