{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:11:27Z","timestamp":1792080687588,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that involves the eyes in 10\u201355% of cases, sometimes without systemic involvement. All eye structures can be affected, but uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation and causes vision loss. The typical ophthalmological appearance of these uveitis is granulomatous (in cases with anterior involvement), which are usually bilateral and with synechiae. Posterior involvement includes vitritis, vasculitis and choroidal lesions. Tuberculosis is a classic differential diagnosis to be wary of, especially in people who have spent time in endemic areas. The diagnosis is based on histology with the presence of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. However, due to the technical difficulty and yield of biopsies, the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis is often based on clinico-radiological features. The international criteria for the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis have recently been revised. Corticosteroids remain the first-line treatment for sarcoidosis, but up to 30% of patients require high doses, justifying the use of corticosteroid-sparing treatments. In these cases, immunosuppressive treatments such as methotrexate may be introduced. More recent biotherapies such as anti-TNF are also very effective (as they are in other non-infectious uveitis etiologies).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"3194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Sarcoidosis-Related Uveitis: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Giorgiutti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR-S1109, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Jacquot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Ma\u00efeutique Lyon-Sud\u2014Charles M\u00e9rieux, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"El Jammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Ma\u00efeutique Lyon-Sud\u2014Charles M\u00e9rieux, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR5305, IBCP, University of Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Ma\u00efeutique Lyon-Sud\u2014Charles M\u00e9rieux, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5249-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvan","family":"Jamilloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Ma\u00efeutique Lyon-Sud\u2014Charles M\u00e9rieux, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Kodjikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"UMR5510 MATEIS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3070-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"S\u00e8ve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Ma\u00efeutique Lyon-Sud\u2014Charles M\u00e9rieux, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France"},{"name":"P\u00f4le IMER, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France"},{"name":"The Health Services and Performance Research (EA 7425 HESPER), Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8480-0","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: A Critical Review of History and Milestones","volume":"49","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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