{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:04:01Z","timestamp":1784199841012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gebert R\u00fcf Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In non-pregnant populations, pancreatic stone protein (PSP) has been reported to have a higher diagnostic performance for identifying severe inflammatory and infectious disease than other established biomarkers. Objective: To generate reference values for serum PSP in pregnancy and compare them to the values of the general healthy population. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: A single center. Population: Healthy women with singleton and multiple pregnancies. Methods: This is a prospective single-center cohort study. Between 2013 and 2021, samples of 5 mL peripheral blood were drawn from 440 healthy pregnant women. Therein, 393 cases were singletons and 47 were multiple pregnancies. Serum PSP levels were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The main outcome measures were serum PSP level (ng\/mL) reference values in healthy pregnant women. Results: The mean PSP reference values in women with singleton pregnancies were 7.9 \u00b1 2.6 ng\/mL (95% CI; 2.69\u201313.03 ng\/mL). The PSP values in women with multiple pregnancies (9.17 \u00b1 3.06 ng\/mL (95% CI; 3.05\u201315.28 ng\/mL)) were significantly higher (p = 0.001). The PSP values in the first trimester (6.94 \u00b1 2.53 ng\/mL) were lower compared to the second (7.42 \u00b1 2.21 ng\/mL) and third trimesters (8.33 \u00b1 2.68 ng\/mL, p = 0.0001). Subgroup analyses in singletons revealed no correlations between PSP values, maternal characteristics, and pre-existing medical conditions. Conclusion: The PSP values in healthy pregnant women (4\u201312 ng\/mL) were in the range of the reference values of the general healthy population (8\u201316 ng\/mL). This insight blazes a trail for further clinical studies on the use of PSP as a potential novel biomarker for the early detection of pregnancy-related diseases such as chorioamnionitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"3200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum Pancreatic Stone Protein Reference Values in Healthy Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ladina","family":"Vonzun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Gadient-Limani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cantonal Hospital Baden, 5404 Baden, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel Andr\u00e9","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreatobiliary Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresia","family":"Reding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreatobiliary Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7449-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolf","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreatobiliary Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4158-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perparim","family":"Limani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery & Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreatobiliary Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ochsenbein-K\u00f6lble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, R\u00e4mistrasse 71, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31819da7d6","article-title":"Pancreatic stone protein is highly increased during posttraumatic sepsis and activates neutrophil granulocytes","volume":"37","author":"Keel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. 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