{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:43:12Z","timestamp":1792096992862,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Older adults who face systemic health issues and lack adequate social support are at risk for oral health deterioration. How rapidly such changes take place depends on the severity of their medical condition and their ability to access oral health services in a timely manner. The management of dental caries and periodontal disease in this cohort is made complex by the interaction of local and host factors such as the presence of dry mouth, involvement of root surfaces, and altered wound healing. in addition to enhanced maintenance needs to avoid recurrence or progression. Tooth replacement can be beneficial in restoring oral function, allowing patients to enjoy a healthy and nutritious diet but requires careful consideration to avoid further damage to remaining dental units. Establishing a dental home for the older adult can facilitate routine surveillance, disease prevention, and patient\/caregiver education to achieve oral health goals commensurate with overall health. This narrative review details oral health factors that are related to rapid oral health deterioration among older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"3202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Oral Health Factors Related to Rapid Oral Health Deterioration among Older Adults: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jhanvi P.","family":"Desai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0045-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit U.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Roser, M., Ortiz-Ospina, E., and Ritchie, H. (2023, March 20). Life Expectancy. Available online: https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/life-expectancy."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13866","article-title":"Person-centered care: A definition and essential elements","volume":"64","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.086","article-title":"A Teaching Tool for Establishing Risk of Oral Health Deterioration in Elderly Patients: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation at a U.S. Dental School","volume":"81","author":"Marchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.045","article-title":"Critical Thinking Theory to Practice: Using the Expert\u2019s Thought Process as Guide for Learning and Assessment","volume":"81","author":"Marshall","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12291","article-title":"Geriatric dentistry, teaching and future directions","volume":"60","author":"Hearn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.21815\/JDE.017.043","article-title":"Predoctoral Teaching of Geriatric Dentistry in U.S. Dental Schools","volume":"81","author":"Ettinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12309","article-title":"Teaching rapid oral health deterioration risk assessment: A 5-year report","volume":"84","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.615","article-title":"A tool for incorporating interprofessional perspectives into dental students decision-making: A 2-year follow-up on this learning outcome","volume":"8","author":"Craig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16154","article-title":"The Prevention of Infections in Older Adults: Oral Health","volume":"68","author":"Coll","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-010-9298-9","article-title":"The Association Between Oral Microorgansims and Aspiration Pneumonia in the Institutionalized Elderly: Review and Recommendations","volume":"25","author":"Pace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.2000.tb01152.x","article-title":"Behavior management and communication strategies for dental professionals when caring for patients with dementia","volume":"20","author":"Chalmers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9c. Care Dent."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0384-x","article-title":"Poor Oral Health as a Chronic, Potentially Modifiable Dementia Risk Factor: Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"Noble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170046","article-title":"Can Better Management of Periodontal Disease Delay the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease?","volume":"58","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-017-2264-2","article-title":"Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: A comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues","volume":"22","author":"Delwel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12357","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care","volume":"35","author":"Jablonski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12429","article-title":"Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease\u2014A causative relationship?","volume":"89","author":"Jungbauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12375","article-title":"Oral health care for patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An update","volume":"39","author":"Marchini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9c. Care Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.38.366","article-title":"Restoration of the habit of routine tooth brushing teeth in patients with severe dementia","volume":"38","author":"Uchimura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nippon. Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Jpn. J. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12577","article-title":"Cluster randomized control trial of nursing home residents\u2019 oral hygiene following the Mouth Care Matters education program for certified nursing assistants","volume":"41","author":"Hartshorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9c. Care Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina45090094","article-title":"Associations between parental skills and their attitudes toward importance to develop good oral hygiene skills in their children","volume":"45","author":"Vanagas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"35","article-title":"Role of Manual Dexterity on Mechanical and Chemotherapeutic Oral Hygiene Regimens","volume":"96","author":"Milleman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12363","article-title":"Dental Caries in Older Adults in the Last Year of Life","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"CD008676","article-title":"Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health","volume":"2021","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, P., Deacon, S., Deery, C., Heanue, M., Walmsley, D., Worthington, H., Glenny, A.-M., and Shaw, B.C. (2005). Manual versus powered toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD002281.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002281.pub2"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520916151","article-title":"Flossing Is Associated with Improved Oral Health in Older Adults","volume":"99","author":"Marchesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12145","article-title":"Periodontitis prevalence in adults \u2265 65 years of age, in the USA","volume":"72","author":"Eke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12383","article-title":"Treatment planning considerations in the older adult with periodontal disease","volume":"87","author":"Curtis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12683","article-title":"Ageing, dental caries and periodontal diseases","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.12449","article-title":"Periodontal Conditions of Abutments and Non-Abutments in Removable Partial Dentures over 7 Years of Use","volume":"26","author":"Carreiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2342-y","article-title":"Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship","volume":"55","author":"Preshaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12235","article-title":"Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia\/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge","volume":"78","author":"Kocher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12808","article-title":"Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology","volume":"45","author":"Sanz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100321","article-title":"Association Between Chronic Periodontal Disease and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"81","author":"Chaffee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0358","article-title":"Dry Mouth and Its Effects on the Oral Health of Elderly People","volume":"138","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.11.014","article-title":"Xerostomia and salivary hypofunction in vulnerable elders: Prevalence and etiology","volume":"114","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2019.07.004","article-title":"Risk predictors of dental root caries: A systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12681","article-title":"Dental caries and periodontal diseases in the ageing population: Call to action to protect and enhance oral health and well-being as an essential component of healthy ageing\u2014Consensus report of group 4 of the joint EFP\/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases","volume":"44","author":"Tonetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.12968\/denu.2011.38.6.376","article-title":"Caries and the older patient","volume":"38","author":"McKenna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Update"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.05.006","article-title":"Risk indicators associated with root caries in independently living older adults","volume":"51","author":"Hayes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-019-0973-4","article-title":"Root caries: The intersection between periodontal disease and dental caries in the course of ageing","volume":"227","author":"Gavriilidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516657992","article-title":"Retention of Teeth and Oral Health\u2013Related Quality of Life","volume":"95","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2009.00294.x","article-title":"Should edentulous patients be constrained to removable complete dentures? The use of dental implants to improve the quality of life for edentulous patients","volume":"27","author":"Turkyilmaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12241","article-title":"Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient\u2019s satisfaction with implant overdentures: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Boven","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2004.08.013","article-title":"The shortened dental arch: A review of the literature","volume":"92","author":"Armellini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00163.x","article-title":"The subjective experience of mastication in subjects with shortened dental arches","volume":"15","author":"Aukes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/23800844211026608","article-title":"Impact of Wearing Dentures on Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Eating: A Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"Moynihan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JDR Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514537828","article-title":"Global Burden of Severe Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"93","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1862-1","article-title":"Oral disease and subsequent cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study based on the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.837743","article-title":"Is the Number of Missing Teeth Associated with Mortality? A Longitudinal Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03339.x","article-title":"Oral Health and Nutrition in Older People","volume":"60","author":"Walls","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Public Heal. Dent."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000300013","article-title":"The relationship between dental status, food selection, nutrient intake, nutritional status, and body mass index in older people","volume":"19","author":"Marcenes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakker, M.H., Vissink, A., Spoorenberg, S.L., Jager-Wittenaar, H., Wynia, K., and Visser, A. (2018). Are Edentulousness, Oral Health Problems and Poor Health-Related Quality of Life Associated with Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Elderly (Aged 75 Years and Over)? A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121965"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2007.00082.x","article-title":"Oral Health-Related Quality of Life and Nutritional Status","volume":"68","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Public Heal. Dent."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.585","article-title":"Eating problems among old home care clients","volume":"8","author":"Salmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12116","article-title":"Factors associated with chewing problems and oral dryness among older Chinese people in Hong Kong","volume":"33","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Association between food intake and oral health in elderly: SEPAHAN systematic review no. 8","volume":"8","author":"Kazemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2003.08.025","article-title":"Low dietary quality among older adults with self-perceived ill-fitting dentures","volume":"103","author":"Sahyoun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2013.04.003","article-title":"Food pickiness in the elderly: Relationship with dependency and malnutrition","volume":"32","author":"Maitre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Qual. Preference"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4801461","article-title":"The relationship between oral health status and body mass index among older people: A national survey of older people in Great Britain","volume":"192","author":"Sheiham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brit. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.11.009","article-title":"Water-loss dehydration and aging","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Hooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Gerontological Society of America (2022, November 29). Interprofessional Solutions for Improving Oral Health in Older Adults: Addressing Access Barriers, Creating Oral Health Champions. July 2017. Available online: https:\/\/www.geron.org\/images\/gsa\/documents\/gsa2017oralhealthwhitepaper.pdf."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"28","article-title":"Oral candidiasis","volume":"77","author":"Dreizen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"635","article-title":"Oral candidiasis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Rossie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pr. Periodontics Aesthetic Dent. PPAD"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buranarom, N., Komin, O., and Matangkasombut, O. (2020). Hyposalivation, oral health, and Candida colonization in independent dentate elders. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242832"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.02.003","article-title":"Oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"143","author":"Deng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.06.028","article-title":"Elimination of oral candidiasis may increase stimulated whole salivary flow rate","volume":"71","author":"Ohga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00698.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and Etiology of Denture Stomatitis","volume":"20","author":"Gendreau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1981.tb01251.x","article-title":"Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures","volume":"10","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"369","article-title":"Common Oral Lesions","volume":"105","author":"Randall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saintrain, M.V.D.L., Bandeira, A.B.V., Pequeno, L.L., Bizerril, D.O., Marques, P.L.P., and Viana, F.A.C. (2018). Oral health of older people: Tracking soft tissue injuries for the prevention of oral cancer. Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP, 52.","DOI":"10.1590\/s1980-220x2017033603380"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2022, November 27). Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, Available online: http:\/\/www.seer.cancer.gov."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"568","article-title":"Treatment of Older Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Review","volume":"18","author":"VanderWalde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2014.07.004","article-title":"Oral Implications of Polypharmacy in the Elderly","volume":"58","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2010.0161","article-title":"Hyposalivation and Xerostomia in Dentate Older Adults","volume":"141","author":"Wiener","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02052.x","article-title":"Burning mouth syndrome: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"28","author":"Bergdahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12101","article-title":"Burning mouth syndrome: A review and update","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03309.x","article-title":"Dry Mouth and Dietary Quality in Older Adults in North Carolina","volume":"59","author":"Quandt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2020.11.003","article-title":"Demographics and Oral Health Care Utilization for Older Adults","volume":"65","author":"Calabrese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Surgeon General\u2019s report on oral health","volume":"59","author":"Hovland","year":"2000","journal-title":"LDA J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0800","article-title":"Dental Care Presents the Highest Level of Financial Barriers, Compared to Other Types of Health Care Services","volume":"35","author":"Vujicic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heal. Aff."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/scd.12208","article-title":"Factors associated with utilization of dental services in a long-term care facility: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Scannapieco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9c. Care Dent."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"(2023, January 01). Center for Medicare Advocacy Dental\/Oral Health. Available online: https:\/\/www.medicareadvocacy.org\/medicare-info\/dental-coverage-under-medicare\/."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, December 15). Oral Health Surveillance Report: Trends in Dental Caries and Sealants, Tooth Retention, and Edentulism, United States, 1999\u20132004 to 2011\u20132016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health, and Human Services, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/oralhealth\/publications\/OHSR-2019-index.html."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023938108988","article-title":"Oral disease burden and dental services utilization by Latino and African-American seniors in Northern Manhattan","volume":"28","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.1995.tb00302.x","article-title":"Social inequality in the use and comprehensiveness of dental services","volume":"19","author":"Brennan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2005.69.9.tb03994.x","article-title":"Barriers to and Enablers of Older Adults\u2019 Use of Dental Services","volume":"69","author":"Kiyak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"809","article-title":"Determinants of dental user groups among an elderly, low-income population","volume":"30","author":"Kuthy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0528.2003.00115.x","article-title":"Social relations as determinants of oral health among persons over the age of 80 years","volume":"31","author":"Avlund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2005.69.9.tb03993.x","article-title":"Access to Dental Care Among Older Adults in the United States","volume":"69","author":"Dolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/9\/3202\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:26:28Z","timestamp":1760124388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/9\/3202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12093202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12093202","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]}}}