{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:16:59Z","timestamp":1791487019906,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Collaborative Research Fund","award":["ZG6E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG6E"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Fund","award":["ZG7B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG7B"]}]},{"name":"InnoHK initiative","award":["ZG6E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG6E"]}]},{"name":"InnoHK initiative","award":["ZG7B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG7B"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government","award":["ZG6E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG6E"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government","award":["ZG7B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZG7B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myopia control efficacy and long-term safety of the Breath-O-Correct orthokeratology (OK) lens was evaluated in a 2-year randomized, single vision (SV) spectacle lens-controlled, single-blind clinical trial combining clinical and tear proteomics data. A total of 71 children (43 OK, 9.8 \u00b1 1.3 years; 28 SV, 9.5 \u00b1 1.4 years) completed the 2-year study. Axial length (AL), cycloplegic refraction, clinical safety parameters (best-corrected visual acuity, central cornea thickness, corneal endothelial health, ocular surface disease index), and quantitative tear proteomics were evaluated by masked examiners. Mean 2-year-normalized AL elongations in the OK and SV groups differed significantly (p = 0.03) and were 0.37 \u00b1 0.37 mm and 0.60 \u00b1 0.41 mm, respectively. OK-mediated myopia control efficacy was 37.1%. No significant difference was found in clinical safety parameters of both groups (p &gt; 0.10), except for a thinner central corneal thickness in the OK group (p = 0.01). Proteomics revealed modest OK lens-mediated effects on immune response proteins, including an increased abundance of haptoglobin at 6 and 12 months and a decreased abundance of two proteins (neutrophil defensin 3 and histone 4) at 6 months. The changes were further validated using a high-resolution multiple-reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mass spectrometry. In summary, the Breath-O-Correct OK lens significantly reduced AL elongation in schoolchildren without adverse clinical effects or subclinical inflammatory responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1682943003000},"page":"3210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Myopia Control Efficacy and Long-Term Safety of a Novel Orthokeratology Lens (MESOK Study)\u2014A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Combining Clinical and Tear Proteomics Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0443-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai Yip","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3183-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy K. W.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gigi T. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia S. H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry H. L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70113-X","article-title":"Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990\u20132010: A systematic analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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