{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:51:12Z","timestamp":1792032672418,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of the Science","award":["18K08133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K08133"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of the Science","award":["22H029643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H029643"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of the Science","award":["17dk0110024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0110024"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of the Science","award":["19dk0310101h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19dk0310101h0001"]}]},{"name":"AMED","award":["18K08133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K08133"]}]},{"name":"AMED","award":["22H029643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H029643"]}]},{"name":"AMED","award":["17dk0110024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0110024"]}]},{"name":"AMED","award":["19dk0310101h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19dk0310101h0001"]}]},{"name":"The General Insurance Association of Japan","award":["18K08133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K08133"]}]},{"name":"The General Insurance Association of Japan","award":["22H029643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H029643"]}]},{"name":"The General Insurance Association of Japan","award":["17dk0110024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17dk0110024"]}]},{"name":"The General Insurance Association of Japan","award":["19dk0310101h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19dk0310101h0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Impaired % predicted value forced vital capacity (% FVC) is related to higher all-cause mortality in aged adults, and strong muscle force may improve this relationship. A muscle disease, sarcopenia, causes higher mortality. We aimed to identify the unknown disease that relates impaired % FVC with higher mortality in aged adults among the three major leading causes of death, and the effect of strong leg force on this relationship. Cox proportional hazard model analyzed the longitudinal Tsurugaya cohort that registered 1048 aged Japanese for 11 years. The primary outcome was the relationship between % FVC and mortality by cancer, cardiovascular disease, or pneumonia. Exposure variables were % FVC or leg force divided by 80% or median values, respectively. The secondary outcome was the effects of leg force on the relationship. Among the diseases, % FVC &lt; 80% was related only to higher pneumonia mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 4.09; 95% CI, 1.90\u20138.83) relative to the % FVC \u2265 80% group before adjustment. Adding the leg force as an explanatory variable reduced the HR to 3.34 (1.54\u20137.25). Weak leg force might indicate sarcopenia, and its prevention may improve higher pneumonia mortality risk related to impaired % FVC, which we may advise people in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T02:08:42Z","timestamp":1683252522000},"page":"3272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association between Low Forced Vital Capacity and High Pneumonia Mortality, and Impact of Muscle Power"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nanako","family":"Shiokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7110-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuma","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Dysphagia, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Suzukamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Miyatake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Kogure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-649X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Ebihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Izumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Dysphagia, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.02.021","article-title":"Restrictive pulmonary dysfunction at spirometry and mortality in the elderly","volume":"102","author":"Scarlata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. 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