{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:33:31Z","timestamp":1790706811016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Latin America (LA) encompasses about 8.5% of the world\u2019s population, exhibits ethnic\/racial heterogeneity and social inequality. We hereby present a 20-year literature review (2004\u20132023) on epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory features, quality of life and management of atopic dermatitis (AD) in LA. Highest AD prevalence for children aged 6\u20137 years was reported in Ecuador (22.5%) and Colombia (20.9%), for adolescents in Colombia (24.6%) and for all ages, in Brazil (20.1%). Regions with a predominantly Black population in LA varied significantly, ranging from 4.4% in Northern Brazil to 10.1% in Cuba, indicating genetic variation among African subgroups. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations showed variants seen in Europeans in 9.3% of Chilean patients and studies in Brazil revealed impaired expression of filaggrin and claudin-1 in the skin but increased expression in conjunctival epithelia of AD patients. The most reported AD features included erythema, pruritus, and dry skin, with marked lichenification. Severe pruritus was reported by 54.4% of patients and a high impact on quality of life was detected in 50% of adults with AD. In Brazilian referral hospitals, 65.6% of patients were classified as having severe AD, and 56% had one or more hospitalizations during their lifetime, indicating a need for better disease control. Diagnosing AD is challenging due to broad clinical features, ethnoracial variations and lack of universal diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, lack of physician training, barriers to medication access, and socioeconomic inequalities hinder effective disease management in LA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:05:10Z","timestamp":1683853510000},"page":"3419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Atopic Dermatitis in Latin America: Considerations on Epidemiology, Clinical and Laboratory Features, Ethnic\/Racial Variations, and Therapeutic Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-0949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia Biazus","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2807-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Leao","family":"Orfali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Lacerda","family":"Averbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Yosipovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4256-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69283-0","article-title":"Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys","volume":"368","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yon, J.-A.-L., Lee, S.-K., Keng, J.-W., Chow, S.-C., Liew, K.-B., Teo, S.-S., Shaik Mossadeq, W.M., Marriott, P.J., Akowuah, G.A., and Ming, L.C. 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