{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:33:15Z","timestamp":1791005595258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may complicate both portal hypertension (Po-PAH) and HIV infection (HIV-PAH). These two conditions, however, frequently coexist in the same patient (HIV\/Po-PAH). We evaluated clinical, functional, hemodynamic characteristics and prognostic parameters of these three groups of patients. Methods: We included patients with Po-PAH, HIV-PAH and HIV\/Po-PAH referred to a single center. We compared clinical, functional and hemodynamic parameters, severity of liver disease [Child\u2013Turcotte\u2013Pugh (CTP) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Na (MELD-Na) scores], CD4 count and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) administration. Prognostic variables were identified through Cox-regression analysis. Results: Patients with Po-PAH (n = 128) were the oldest, patients with HIV-PAH (n = 41) had the worst hemodynamic profile and patients with HIV\/Po-PAH (n = 35) had the best exercise capacity. Independent predictors of mortality were age and CTP score for Po-PAH, HAART administration for HIV-PAH, MELD-Na score and hepatic venous-portal gradient for HIV\/Po-PAH. Conclusions: Patients with HIV\/Po-PAH are younger and have a better exercise capacity than patients with Po-PAH, have a better exercise capacity and hemodynamic profile compared to patients with HIV-PAH, and their prognosis seems to be related to the hepatic disease rather than to HIV infection. The prognosis of patients with Po-PAH and HIV-PAH seems to be related to the underlying disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1683859019000},"page":"3425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Portal Hypertension and HIV Infection: Comparative Characteristics and Prognostic Predictors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Dardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cennerazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1116-9488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ballerini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Donato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4081-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazzareno","family":"Gali\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Palazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit of IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento DIMEC (Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Developed by the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). 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