{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T08:47:49Z","timestamp":1772268469635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) became crucial in treating patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite the fear of viral aerosolization, non-invasive respiratory support has gained attention as a way to alleviate ICU overcrowding and reduce the risks associated with intubation. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increased demand for research, resulting in numerous publications on observational studies, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses in the past three years. This comprehensive narrative overview describes the physiological rationale, pre-COVID-19 evidence, and results of observational studies and randomized control trials regarding the use of high-flow nasal oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous positive airway pressure in adult patients with COVID-19 and associated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The review also highlights the significance of guidelines and recommendations provided by international societies and the need for further well-designed research to determine the optimal use of NIRS in treating this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"3486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The COVID-19 Driving Force: How It Shaped the Evidence of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yorschua","family":"Jalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive\u2013R\u00e9animation (D\u00e9partement \u201cR3S\u201d), AP-HP. Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ferioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive\u2013R\u00e9animation (D\u00e9partement \u201cR3S\u201d), AP-HP. Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9191-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Dres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Intensive\u2013R\u00e9animation (D\u00e9partement \u201cR3S\u201d), AP-HP. Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0548ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Society of intensive care medicine\/society of critical care medicine clinical practice guideline: Mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"195","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. 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