{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:33Z","timestamp":1787028633953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome affects 10\u201315% of women, severely impacting their quality of life. First-line treatments include behavioural and physical therapy, and second-line medical treatments include medications such as vaginal oestrogen, anticholinergic medications, and \u00df3-adrenergic agonists\u2014with potential adverse side effects including dizziness, constipation, and delirium, particularly affecting elderly populations. Third-line treatments include more invasive measures, including intradetrusor botulinum injections or sacral nerve modulation, with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) being a potential alternative treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the long-term efficacy of PTNS treatment for OAB in an Australian cohort. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Patients underwent Phase 1 treatment, whereby women received PTNS treatment once per week for 12 weeks. Following Phase 1, women entered Phase 2, whereby they received 12 PTNS treatments over 6 months. Their response to treatment was measured by obtaining data before and after each phase using ICIQ-OAB and the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ). Results: Phase 1 included 166 women, with 51 completing Phase 2. There was a statistically significant reduction in urinary urgency (29.8%), nocturia (29.8%), incontinence (31.0%), and frequency (33.8%) compared to the baseline. Patients who completed Phase 2 also showed a statistically significant reduction in urinary frequency (56.5%). Conclusions: Overall, the results from this study are positive and support that PTNS is a minimally invasive, non-surgical, non-hormonal, and effective treatment for OAB. These results suggest that PTNS may be a second-line treatment for patients with OAB not responding to conservative management or for patients aiming to avoid surgical approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"3490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Investigation of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) as a Minimally Invasive, Non-Surgical, Non-Hormonal Treatment for Overactive Bladder Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Connor","family":"McPhail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FBW Gynaecology Plus, Adelaide 5035, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidharth","family":"Nambiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Willison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBW Gynaecology Plus, Adelaide 5035, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saghi","family":"Bahadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2844-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pouria","family":"Aryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBW Gynaecology Plus, Adelaide 5035, Australia"},{"name":"School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBW Gynaecology Plus, Adelaide 5035, Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Behnia-Willison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBW Gynaecology Plus, Adelaide 5035, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park 5042, Australia"},{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01784-3","article-title":"Definition and epidemiology of overactive bladder","volume":"60","author":"Wein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00493.x","article-title":"Overactive bladder and women\u2019s sexual health: What is the impact?","volume":"4","author":"Coyne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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