{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:54:17Z","timestamp":1792176857598,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Italy","award":["Current Research Funds 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Current Research Funds 2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Multiple sclerosis is a progressive degenerative disorder that frequently involves the development of physical and emotional changes, including loss of limb function or sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive and mood alterations. It is likely that these alterations lead to changes in body aspects. However, knowledge about body image perception in multiple sclerosis is lacking. Purpose: The present study investigated the relationship between body image perception and its correlation with a disability, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and self-esteem. Methods: A total of 100 outpatients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis underwent neurological assessment using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Participants also completed the Body Image Scale (BIS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: We found a significant positive correlation between body image and disability (r = 0.21; p = 0.03), body image and self-esteem (r = \u22120.52; p &lt; 0.001), body image and somatization (r = 0.44; p &lt; 0.001), body image and depression (r = 0.57; p &lt; 0.001), and body image and anxiety (r = 0.5; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The body is considered one of the main parts of a person\u2019s identity. Dissatisfaction with one\u2019s own body changes the general evaluation of the \u201cself\u201d. The body image construct has important health outcomes and should be studied more in patients with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T02:02:27Z","timestamp":1684807347000},"page":"3606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Relationship between Body Image, Disability and Mental Health in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8027-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Lo Buono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilla","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4862-3832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Corallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2052-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Cardile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giangaetano","family":"D\u2019Aleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Rifici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Quartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"De Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, S.S. 113 Via Palermo, C\/da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193602000-00051","article-title":"The image and appearance of the human body: Studies in the constructive energies of the psyche. 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