{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:09:37Z","timestamp":1760148577183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: We aim to find a novel blink parameter in nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NDO) patients and analyze parameters that could reflect subjective symptoms and objective indicators at the same time through a blink dynamic analysis. (2) Methods A retrospective study was conducted with 34 patients (48 eyes) who underwent lacrimal passage intubation (LPI) and 24 control groups (48 eyes). All patients\u2019 blink patterns were measured using an ocular surface interferometer before and after LPI, including total blink (TB) and partial blink (PB) and the blink indices blink time (BT), lid closing time (LCT), closure time (CT), lid opening time (LOT), interblink time (IBT), closing speed (CS) and opening speed (OS). The tear meniscus height (TMH) was measured, and the questionnaire \u201cEpiphora Patient\u2019s Quality of Life (E-QOL),\u201d which includes daily activity restriction as well as static and dynamic activities, was completed. (3) Results: Compared to CT and the ratio of CT during BT (CT\/BT) in control (89.4 \u00b1 20.0 msec, 13.16%), those in NDOs were longer (140.3 \u00b1 92.0 msec, 20.20%) and were also related to TMH. After LPI, CT and CT\/BT were recovered to 85.4 \u00b1 22.07 msec, 13.29% (p &lt; 0.001). CT and CT\/BT showed a positive correlation with the E-QOL questionnaire score, particularly with dynamic activities. (4) Conclusions: CT and CT\/BT, which are objective indicators associated with subjective symptoms of patients, are considered new blink indices for the evaluation of NDO patients with Munk\u2019s score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T10:51:56Z","timestamp":1684839116000},"page":"3631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovery of the Ratio of Closure Time during Blink Time in Lacrimal Passage Intubation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-3000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e619","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13322","article-title":"Measurement of lacrimal punctum using spectralis domain anterior optical coherence tomography","volume":"95","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221104550","article-title":"The \u2018tears\u2019 score: A tool for grading and monitoring epiphora","volume":"32","author":"Schulz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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