{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:21:24Z","timestamp":1787678484117,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-2243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2021-2243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CCCDI\u2014UEFISCDI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNCDI III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNCDI III"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome (pSS) is a multisystem disorder of autoimmune etiology, frequently involving peripheral nerves. Early detection of peripheral neuropathy (PN) manifestations might improve prognosis and disease control. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the predictive potential of hematological and immunological parameters associated with PN development in pSS patients. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients with pSS who were divided into two groups, according to the occurrence of neurological manifestations throughout the follow-up period. Results: From the total of 121 pSS patients included in the study, 31 (25.61%) developed neurological manifestations (PN+ group) during the follow-up period. At the moment of pSS diagnosis, 80.64% of PN+ patients exhibited increased disease activity, with ESSDAI scores above 14 (p = 0.001), and significantly higher values for VASp score (p = 0.001), with a mean value of 4.90 \u00b1 2.45, compared to 1.27 \u00b1 1.32 in the PN- group. The hematological assessment at the moment of pSS diagnosis revealed that neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the PN+ group (p = 0.001), while lymphocytes, monocytes and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were significantly lower (p = 0.025, p = 0.13 and p = 0.003, respectively). Immuno-inflammatory parameters\u2014gammaglobulins, complement fractions C3, C4, total proteins and vitamin D were significantly lower in the PN+ patients\u2019 group. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictive character for PN development in pSS patients was confirmed for NLR (95% CI 0.033 to 0.263, p = 0.012), MLR (95% CI \u22121.289 to \u22120.194, p = 0.008), gammaglobulins (95% CI \u22120.426 to \u22120.088, p &lt; 0.003), complement fraction C4 (95% CI \u22120.018 to \u22120.001, p &lt; 0.030) and vitamin D (95% CI \u22120.017 to \u22120.003, p &lt; 0.009). Conclusions: Readily available and frequently used hematological and immunological markers, such as NLR, MLR, gammaglobulins, C4 and vitamin D could be helpful in predicting the neurological involvement in pSS patients. These biological parameters might become useful tools for clinicians to monitor disease progression and identify potentially severe extraglandular manifestations in pSS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T02:00:19Z","timestamp":1685066419000},"page":"3672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome and Peripheral Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ancuta","family":"Mihai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of General Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Maria","family":"Chitimus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciprian","family":"Jurcut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin Cristian","family":"Blajut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, \u201cTitu Maiorescu\u201d University of Bucharest, 040441 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3883-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Opris-Belinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Sfanta Maria Clinical Hospital, 011172 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Sfanta Maria Clinical Hospital, 011172 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"The epidemiology of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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