{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:04:13Z","timestamp":1791234253195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives and Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication defined as a glucose intolerance diagnosis during pregnancy. GDM is strongly associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. In Germany, to screen and diagnose GDM we use a 1 h 50 g oGCT (oral glucose challenge test) followed by a 2 h 75 g oGTT if the first was pathological. This analysis examines the correlation of 75 g oGTT glucose levels and fetomaternal outcome. Methods: Data from 1664 patients from a gestational diabetes consultation clinic at the Charit\u00e9 University Hospital in Berlin, Germany, were analyzed retrospectively from 2015 to 2022. The 75 g oGTT blood glucose levels were categorized into isolated fasting hyperglycemia (GDM-IFH), isolated post-load hyperglycemia (GDM-IPH) and combined hyperglycemia (GDM-CH), using the levels of the fasting, 1 h and 2 h values, after glucose application. These subtypes were compared based on their baseline characteristics as well as fetal and maternal outcome. Results: GDM-IFH and GDM-CH women displayed higher pre-conceptional BMI and required insulin therapy more frequently (p &lt; 0.001). The GDM-IFH group was at higher risk of having a primary cesarean section (p = 0.047), while GDM-IPH women were significantly more likely to have an emergent cesarean section (p = 0.013). The offspring of GDM-IFH and GDM-CH women were born with a significantly higher mean birthweight (p &lt; 0.001) and birth weight percentiles (p &lt; 0.001) and were at increased risk of being large for gestational age (LGA) (p = 0.004). Women from the GDM-IPH group delivered significantly more neonates who were small for gestational age (p = 0.027) or with low fetal weight &lt;30th percentile (p = 0.003). Conclusion: This analysis shows a strong association between the glucose response pattern in the 75 g oGTT and adverse perinatal fetomaternal outcome. The differences among the subgroups, specifically concerning insulin therapy, mode of delivery and fetal growth, suggest an individualized approach to prenatal care after a GDM diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T16:17:33Z","timestamp":1685204253000},"page":"3709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Glucose Levels of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (oGTT) Can Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4561-7589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selina","family":"Balke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Weid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fangmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Henrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josefine Theresia","family":"Koenigbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Gestational diabetes in Germany: Development of screening participation and prevalence","volume":"6","author":"Reitzle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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