{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:23:47Z","timestamp":1762161827025,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Academy of Silesia in Katowice"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metformin decreases elevated prolactin levels, which are frequently found in patients with thyroid disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thyroid autoimmunity modulates the impact of metformin on lactotrope secretory function. This study compared two matched groups of young women with prediabetes and mild-to-moderate prolactin excess: 28 subjects with coexisting euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis (group 1) and 28 individuals without thyroid disorders (group 2), treated for six months with metformin (3 g daily). Thyroid antibody titers, glucose homeostasis markers, prolactin, thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, FSH, LH, ACTH, IGF-1 and hsCRP were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. At entry, the study groups differed in antibody titers and hsCRP levels. Although the improvement in glucose homeostasis and the decrease in hsCRP levels were observed in both study groups, they were more pronounced in group 2. Only in group 2 did metformin reduce circulating prolactin levels (both total and monomeric). Prolactin-lowering properties of metformin positively correlated with baseline prolactin levels, baseline antibody titers (in group 1) and with the degree of reduction in hsCRP levels. The obtained results suggest that autoimmune thyroiditis may attenuate the impact of metformin on lactotrope secretory function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T02:27:30Z","timestamp":1685500050000},"page":"3769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effect of Metformin on Plasma Prolactin Levels in Young Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Krysiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Kowalcze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Stefana Batorego 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Madej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia, Park Hutniczy 3-5, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Okopie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-022-00108-w","article-title":"Metformin in therapeutic applications in human diseases: Its mechanism of action and clinical study","volume":"3","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. 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