{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:54:05Z","timestamp":1789620845162,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronary artery disease is still a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide. In the setting of chronic coronary disease, demonstration of inducible ischemia is mandatory to address treatment. Consequently, scientific and technological efforts were made in response to the request for non-invasive diagnostic tools with better sensitivity and specificity. To date, clinicians have at their disposal a wide range of stress-imaging techniques. Among others, stress cardiac magnetic resonance (S-CMR) and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) techniques both demonstrated their diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value in clinical trials when compared to other non-invasive ischemia-assessing techniques and invasive fractional flow reserve measurement techniques. Standardized protocols for both S-CMR and CTP usually imply the administration of vasodilator agents to induce hyperemia and contrast agents to depict perfusion defects. However, both methods have their own limitations, meaning that optimizing their performance still requires a patient-tailored approach. This review focuses on the characteristics, drawbacks, and future perspectives of these two techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1685585565000},"page":"3793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Chronic Coronary Syndrome: A Focus on Stress Computed Tomography Perfusion and Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8269-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9on","family":"Groenhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, Utrecht University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3984-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnese","family":"Siani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ostillio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2583-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Carriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences\u2014DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4048-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences\u2014DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Giulia","family":"Pavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Department, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Carriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1718-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Guglielmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, Utrecht University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, 2545 AA The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16812","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28350","article-title":"A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics","volume":"234","author":"Malakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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