{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:42:34Z","timestamp":1783114954150,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Studying the effects of smoking intensity is important to evaluate the risk of tobacco use on a range of illnesses, such as as sarcopenia among the elderly. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of pack-years of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) histopathology of postmortem samples. Methods: Subjects were divided into three groups: never-smoker (n = 46); less than 30 pack-years of smoking (n = 12); and more than 30 pack-years of smoking (n = 30). Diaphragm samples were stained with Picrosirius red and hematoxylin and eosin stain for general structure. Results: Participants with more than 30 pack-years of cigarette smoking had a significant increase in adipocytes, blood vessels and collagen deposit, as well as an increase in histopathological alterations. Conclusions: Pack-years of smoking was associated with DIAm injury. However, further clinicopathological studies are needed to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T08:50:31Z","timestamp":1685695831000},"page":"3823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Smoking Intensity Increases Diaphragm Muscle Injury: A Clinicopathologic Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5649-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Aparecido Baptista","family":"Nucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Leopold","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romeu Rodrigues","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, 9 de Julho University\u2014UNINOVE, S\u00e3o Paulo 03155-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Beatriz Mesiano","family":"Maifrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Medicine of the ABC District, Santo Andr\u00e9 09060-650, Brazil"},{"name":"Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, S\u00e3o Paulo 04012-909, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Augusto","family":"Pasqualucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Anaruma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education, S\u00e3o Paulo State University \u201cJ\u00falio de Mesquita Filho\u201d, Rio Claro 11330-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Elaine Paraizo","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiopathology in Aging (LIM-22), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Diehl","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Kimie","family":"Suemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Jacob-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle, P., Gray, N., Henningfield, J.E., Seffrin, J., and Zatonski, W. 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