{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:13:19Z","timestamp":1760148799308,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prof. dr. Henkes Stichting","award":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010372","name":"Rotterdamse Stichting Blindenbelangen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010372","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stichting Lijf en Leven","award":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111356","HV\/AB\/B20210035","72"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Orbital and midface malformations occur in multiple craniofacial disorders. Depending on the deformity, surgical corrections include orbital box osteotomy (OBO), Le Fort III (LFIII), monobloc (MB), and facial bipartition (FB). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of these procedures on ocular outcomes. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed. All patients with craniofacial disorders who had previously undergone midface surgery were included. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistical analysis. (3) Results: In total, 63 patients were included: two patients were treated by OBO, 20 by LFIII, 26 by MB, and 15 by FB. Pre-operatively, strabismus was present in 39 patients (61.9%), in whom exotropia was most common (n = 27; 42.9%), followed by esotropia (n = 11; 17.5%). Postoperatively, strabismus significantly worsened (p = 0.035) in the overall population (n = 63). Pre-operative binocular vision (n = 33) was absent in nine patients (27.3%), poor in eight (24.2%), moderate in 15 (45.5%), and good in one (3.0%). Postoperatively, binocular vision significantly improved (p &lt; 0.001). Before surgery, the mean visual acuity (VA) in the better eye was 0.16 LogMAR (Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution), and 0.31 LogMAR in the worse eye. Furthermore, pre-operative astigmatism was present in 46 patients (73.0%) and hypermetropia in 37 patients (58.7%). No statistical difference was found for VA (n = 51; p = 0.058) postoperatively. (4) Conclusions: Midface surgery has a direct and indirect substantial effect on several ocular outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of appropriate ophthalmological evaluation in patients with craniofacial disorders undergoing midface surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:08:15Z","timestamp":1686017295000},"page":"3862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Midface Surgery on Ocular Outcomes in Patients with Orbital and Midface Malformations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3539-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parinaz","family":"Rostamzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mieke M.","family":"Pleumeekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Versnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjoukje E.","family":"Loudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Hypertelorism: Cranio-naso-orbito-facial and subethmoid osteotomy","volume":"11","author":"Tessier","year":"1969","journal-title":"Panminerva Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cephalometric study of the Apert syndrome in adolescence and adulthood","volume":"19","author":"Kreiborg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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