{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:17:11Z","timestamp":1772770631481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the urinary system, the incidence of which is assumed to be up to 100,000 cases per million (10% of the population). The cause of it is dysregulation of renal urine excretion. Acromegaly is a very rare endocrine disorder that causes a somatotropic pituitary adenoma producing higher amounts of growth hormone. It occurs approximately in 80 cases per million (about 0.008% of the population). One of the acromegaly complications may be urolithiasis. Methods: Clinical and laboratory results of 2289 patients hospitalized for nephrolithiasis in the highest reference hospital were retrospectively analyzed, distinguishing a subgroup of patients with acromegaly. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the prevalence of the disease in the analyzed subgroup with the epidemiological results available in up-to-date literature. Results: The distribution of nephrolithiasis treatment was definitely in favor of non-invasive and minimally invasive treatment. The methods used were as follows: ESWL (61.82%), USRL (30.62%), RIRS (4.15%), PCNL (3.1%), and pyelolithotomy (0.31%). Such a distribution limited the potential complications of the procedures while maintaining the high effectiveness of the treatment. Among two thousand two hundred and eighty-nine patients with urolithiasis, two were diagnosed with acromegaly before the nephrological and urological treatment, and seven were diagnosed de novo. Patients with acromegaly required a higher percentage of open surgeries (including nephrectomy) and also had a higher rate of kidney stones recurrence. The concentration of IGF-1 in patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly was similar to those treated with somatostatin analogs (SSA) due to incomplete transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Conclusions: In the population of patients with urolithiasis requiring hospitalization and interventional treatment compared to the general population, the prevalence of acromegaly was almost 50-fold higher (p = 0.025). Acromegaly itself increases the risk of urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1686103335000},"page":"3879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Nephrolithiasis Treatment in Highest Reference Hospital\u2014Occurrence of Acromegaly in the Study Group"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Z\u0105bkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam Daniel","family":"Durma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Grabi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Michalczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, District Hospital, 26-900 Kozienice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Saracyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Thakore, P., and Liang, T.H. 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