{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T23:44:29Z","timestamp":1792971869152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council, Ministry of Education, Research, and Innovation, Muscat, Oman","award":["BFP\/GRG\/HSS\/21\/023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFP\/GRG\/HSS\/21\/023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in hospitalized elderly patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence, recognition, risk factors, and course of delirium among hospitalized elderly (65 years of age or older) patients at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH). Methods: A prospective cohort study included 327 elderly patients (65 years of age or older) admitted to the medical wards at SQUH. Patients were screened for delirium using the 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM). Additionally, medical records were reviewed to identify possible associated factors. Results: The prevalence of delirium was 55.4% (95% CI 49.9\u201360.7), and 35.4% of patients with delirium were not recognized by the treating team. Hypoactive delirium is the most common type of delirium. The logistic regression analyzes demonstrated that pre-existing cognitive impairment (OR = 4.0); poor functional status (OR = 1.9); the use of medications that are known to precipitate delirium (OR = 2.3); polypharmacy (OR = 5.7); urinary catheterization (OR = 2.2); dehydration (OR = 3.1); and electrolytes derangements (OR = 2.0) were independent risk factors for delirium. Furthermore, 56.9% of patients with delirium continued to have delirium upon discharge from the hospital. Conclusions: Delirium is common among elderly patients hospitalized in general medical wards. Implementing effective preventive strategies for delirium during the hospital stay, including early recognition using standard sensitive and specific screening tools (i.e., 3D-CAM) and developing geriatric wards, is crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T02:02:28Z","timestamp":1686189748000},"page":"3897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Delirium in Medically Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence, Recognition and Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4736-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajaa Saleh","family":"Al Farsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oman Medical Specialty Board, Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Muscat 130, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Al Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha Ramadhan","family":"Al Huraizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taif","family":"Al-Saadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noof","family":"Al-Hamadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalfan","family":"Al Zeedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5309-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhaina Salim","family":"Al-Maqbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2016007","article-title":"Underdiagnosis of delirium on admission and prediction of patients who will develop delirium during their inpatient stay: A pilot study","volume":"57","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Singap. 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