{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:54:46Z","timestamp":1790488486168,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite guideline-directed therapy of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes, the risk of renal failure and cardiovascular events still remains high, and diabetes remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in affected patients. To date, current medications for CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus have not reset residual risk in patients due to a high grade of inflammation and fibrosis contributing to kidney and heart disease. This question-and-answer-based review will discuss the pharmacological and clinical differences between finerenone and other mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and then move on to the main evidence in the cardiovascular and renal fields, closing, finally, on the potential role of therapeutic combination with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12123992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T03:02:27Z","timestamp":1686538947000},"page":"3992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Finerenone: Questions and Answers\u2014The Four Fundamental Arguments on the New-Born Promising Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Lullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi\u2014Delfino Hospital, 00034 Colleferro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lavalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3989-6484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Scatena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetology Unit, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiologist and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ronco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), S. Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-1645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bellasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2020). 11. Micorvascular complications and foot care standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. 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