{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:42:11Z","timestamp":1772890931260,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer global health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hospital-acquired functional decline is an important outcome that affects the long-term prognosis of patients after cardiac surgery. Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for outpatients is expected to improve prognosis; however, this is not clear in patients with hospital-acquired functional decline after cardiac surgery. Therefore, this study evaluated whether phase II CR improved the long-term prognosis of patients with hospital-acquired functional decline after cardiac surgery. This single-center, retrospective observational study included 2371 patients who required cardiac surgery. Hospital-acquired functional decline occurred in 377 patients (15.9%) after cardiac surgery. The mean follow-up period was 1219 \u00b1 682 days in all patients, and there were 221 (9.3%) cases with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after discharge during the follow-up period. The Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves indicated that hospital-acquired functional decline and non-phase II CR was associated with a higher incidence of MACE than other groups (log-rank, p &lt; 0.001), additionally exhibiting prognosticating MACE in multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.50; p = 0.047). Hospital-acquired functional decline after cardiac surgery and non-phase II CR were risk factors for MACE. The participation in phase II CR in patients with hospital-acquired functional decline after cardiac surgery could reduce the risk of MACE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T02:29:19Z","timestamp":1687141759000},"page":"4123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utility of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Hospital-Acquired Functional Decline after Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuko","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Uewaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuaki","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo 183-0003, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75","article-title":"Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive care unit: Report from a stakeholders\u2019 conference","volume":"40","author":"Needham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. 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