{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T23:59:34Z","timestamp":1773964774727,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In sialendoscopy, ducts are dilated and the salivary glands are irrigated with saline. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound sialendoscopy (CEUSS), using microbubbles, may facilitate the monitoring of irrigation solution penetration in the ductal system and parenchyma. It is imperative to test CEUSS for its safety and feasibility in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS) patients. CEUSS was performed on 10 SS patients. The primary outcomes were safety, determined by the occurrence of (serious) adverse events ((S)AEs), and feasibility. The secondary outcomes were unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva (UWS and SWS) flow rates, xerostomia inventory (XI), clinical oral dryness score, pain, EULAR Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI), and gland topographical alterations. CEUSS was technically feasible in all patients. Neither SAEs nor systemic reactions related to the procedure were observed. The main AEs were postoperative pain (two patients) and swelling (two patients). Eight weeks after CEUSS, the median UWS and SWS flow had increased significantly from 0.10 to 0.22 mL\/min (p = 0.028) and 0.41 to 0.61 mL\/min (p = 0.047), respectively. Sixteen weeks after CEUSS, the mean XI was reduced from 45.2 to 34.2 (p = 0.02). We conclude that CEUSS is a safe and feasible treatment for SS patients. It has the potential to increase salivary secretion and reduce xerostomia, but this needs further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"4152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intraoperative Visualization and Treatment of Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Patients Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Sialendoscopy (CEUSS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"K. Hakki","family":"Karagozoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Mahraoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph C. J.","family":"Bot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunghee","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Pierre T. F.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3195-1223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco N.","family":"Helder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-9116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk S.","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imke H.","family":"Bartelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1018 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-4361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjan","family":"Vissink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Weisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3006-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derk Hendrik Jan","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\/Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66990-5","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.891439","article-title":"B-cell hyperactivity in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Kroese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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