{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:52:19Z","timestamp":1784605939539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund \u201cScience\u201d, Medical University of Varna","award":["\u03a6H-98\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u03a6H-98\/19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and sclerostin are essential Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway inhibitors, playing an important role in multiple myeloma bone disease (MBD). We aimed to examine the serum DKK-1 and sclerostin variations in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients at diagnosis and in the course of therapy, including autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This study included 41 NDMM-patients and 33 controls. MBD was assessed by whole-body low-dose computed tomography. DKK-1 and sclerostin were assayed by commercial ELISA kits. At diagnosis, NDMM-patients revealed significantly higher DKK-1 and sclerostin values (p &lt; 0.0001), showing dependence on disease stage (lowest in ISS-I and highest in ISS-III: p &lt; 0.0012 and p &lt; 0.025, respectively, for both proteins). Bone lesions revealed significant positive correlation with both DKK-1 (p &lt; 0.05) and sclerostin (p &lt; 0.0001). In the course of therapy, significant reduction, more prominent after ASCT, was observed for both parameters in each treatment point compared to the baseline (p &lt; 0.0001). Markedly lower sclerostin (p &lt; 0.01) and DKK-1 (p &lt; 0.05) values were observed in patients with complete and very good partial response compared to those with partial response, stable, or progressive disease. Sclerostin and DKK-1 in NDMM patients reflect the MBD severity and the effect of therapy. Both proteins could represent a novel tool for better disease monitoring and effectiveness of therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:49:27Z","timestamp":1688345367000},"page":"4440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dynamics of Bone Disease Biomarkers Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin in Patients with Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Gerov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, \u201cSt. Marina\u201d University Hospital, 9010 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilina","family":"Micheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Hematology, \u201cSt. Marina\u201d University Hospital, 9010 Varna, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miglena","family":"Nikolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7587-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galya","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bistra","family":"Galunska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21208","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2014","volume":"64","author":"Siegel","year":"2014","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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