{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:47:44Z","timestamp":1784166464237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were conducted to identify the effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) on strength, power, and muscular endurance in older adults. However, the results of different studies are contradictory. Objective: To verify the impacts of the WBV on strength, power, and muscular endurance in older adults. Methods: The search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, LILACS and PEDro databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEdro scale. Meta-analysis calculations were performed using the standardized mean difference, comparing WBV with control groups and WBV with other types of exercise. Results: Thirty-four studies were included in the current systematic review. Most studies (56%) had low methodological quality (PEDro score &lt; 6). WBV, compared with control groups, has significant effects on muscle strength of knee extensors and flexors, lower limb extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. There were no differences between WBV and other types of exercise. Subgroup analyzes demonstrated that, in general, the significant results observed in the primary analyzes were not dependent on body position during vibration, kind of vibration, cumulative dose or magnitude of WBV. Conclusion: WBV was effective in increasing lower limb muscle strength. However, no significant results were observed for upper limb strength, lower limb power, and lower and upper limb muscle endurance in older adults. However, more studies are needed to better understand the physiological impacts of WBV in older.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12134467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:42:47Z","timestamp":1688434967000},"page":"4467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Impacts of Whole-Body Vibration on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0904-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Gon\u00e7alves de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paran\u00e1, Jacarezinho 86400-000, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise in Health Promotion, Universidade Norte do Paran\u00e1, Londrina 86041120, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helo\u00edsa Maria Elaine Licha","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise in Health Promotion, Universidade Norte do Paran\u00e1, Londrina 86041120, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiara Naldi Mansano","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paran\u00e1, Jacarezinho 86400-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4718-448X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Bernardo-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mechanical Vibrations and Integrative Practices, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Policl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan\u00fabia da Cunha","family":"de S\u00e1-Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Mechanical Vibrations and Integrative Practices, Departamento de Biof\u00edsica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Policl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20950-003, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Campos de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paran\u00e1, Jacarezinho 86400-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0227-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Redha","family":"Taiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MAT\u00e9riaux et Ing\u00e9nierie M\u00e9canique (MATIM), Universit\u00e9 de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2021.101099","article-title":"Feasibility of simple exercise interventions for men with osteoporosis\u2014A prospective randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Genest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2018.0129","article-title":"Evaluation of 18-Week Whole-Body Vibration Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength in an Elderly Population","volume":"20","author":"Olcina","year":"2019","journal-title":"High. Alt. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-019-00498-x","article-title":"Tai Chi and whole-body vibrating therapy in sarcopenic men in advanced old age: A clinical randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517733525","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration on balance and mobility in institutionalized older adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Lam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/TGR.0000000000000201","article-title":"Whole-Body Vibration Increases Cardiopulmonary Performance in the Elderly\u2014A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"34","author":"Pessoa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Top. Geriatr. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1735024.512","article-title":"Effects of whole body vibration training and mental training on mobility, neuromuscular performance, and muscle strength in older men","volume":"13","author":"Goudarzian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36793","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.36793","article-title":"Mobility, Balance, and Muscle Strength Adaptations to Short-Term Whole Body Vibration Training Plus Oral Creatine Supplementation in Elderly Women","volume":"8","author":"Goudarzian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2016-0149","article-title":"Asynchronous Alterations of Muscle Force and Tendon Stiffness Following 8-week Resistance Exercise with Whole-Body Vibration in Older Women","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215517698835","article-title":"Optimal frequency\/time combination of whole body vibration training for developing Physical performance of people with sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12878","article-title":"Optimal frequency\/time combination of whole-body vibration training for improving muscle size and strength of people with age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia): A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.2015-0057","article-title":"Effects of bioDensity Training and Power Plate Whole-Body Vibration on Strength, Balance, and Functional Independence in Older Adults","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2709","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002709","article-title":"Influence of Whole-Body Vibration Training Without Visual Feedback on Balance and Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength of the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"95","author":"Tseng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"25","article-title":"Efeitos de um protocolo de exerc\u00edcios sobre a plataforma vibrat\u00f3ria na for\u00e7a muscular, equil\u00edbrio e desempenho de marcha em idosas comunit\u00e1rias","volume":"16","author":"Casimiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fisioter. Bras."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu136","article-title":"Effects of vertical and side-alternating vibration training on fall risk factors and bone turnover in older people at risk of falls","volume":"44","author":"Corrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000830","article-title":"Effects of eight months of whole-body vibration training on the muscle mass and functional capacity of elderly women","volume":"29","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.07.018","article-title":"Effects of a Whole Body Vibration (WBV) Exercise Intervention for Institutionalized Older People: A Randomized, Multicentre, Parallel, Clinical Trial","volume":"16","author":"Bonfill","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.09.010","article-title":"Effects of supervised whole body vibration exercise on fall risk factors, functional dependence and health-related quality of life in nursing home residents aged 80+","volume":"79","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2693-6","article-title":"Effects of 18-month low-magnitude high-frequency vibration on fall rate and fracture risks in 710 community elderly\u2014A cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effect of a combination of whole body vibration exercise and squat training on body balance, muscle power, and walking ability in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Osugi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-014-0206-2","article-title":"Feasibility of whole-body vibration training in nursing home residents with low physical function: A pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Karinkanta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513492162","article-title":"Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on mobility, balance ability and general health status in frail elderly patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12391","article-title":"Low-intensity whole-body vibration training to reduce fall risk in active, elderly residents of a retirement village","volume":"61","author":"Calder","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Impact of whole body vibration on balance improvement in elderly women","volume":"15","author":"Dudoniene","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vibroengineering"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.12.008","article-title":"Effects of a short-term whole body vibration intervention on physical fitness in elderly people","volume":"74","author":"Ara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01126.x","article-title":"Effect of whole-body vibration on neuromuscular performance and body composition for females 65 years and older: A randomized-controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Kemmler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"559","article-title":"Effects of vibration training and detraining on balance and muscle strength in older adults","volume":"10","author":"Garatachea","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.181","article-title":"The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Bone Density in Institutionalized Elderly Women: A 6-Month Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Verschueren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318202f3d3","article-title":"Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Different Devices on Bone Mineral Density","volume":"43","author":"Kemmler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00919.x","article-title":"Whole-body vibration training increases muscle strength and mass in older women: A randomized-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Machado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afp067","article-title":"Effects of whole body vibration training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle Strength in older individuals (a 1-year randomised controlled trial)","volume":"38","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a4e8f9","article-title":"Influence of whole body vibration platform frequency on neuromuscular performance of community-dwelling older adults","volume":"23","author":"Furness","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.6.630","article-title":"Impact of Whole-Body Vibration Training Versus Fitness Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Men: A 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"62","author":"Bogaerts","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.15.4.367","article-title":"Effects of Vibration Exercise on Muscle Performance and Mobility in an Older Population","volume":"15","author":"Rees","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bautmans, I., Hees, E.V., Lemper, J., and Mets, T. (2005). The feasibility of whole body vibration in institutionalised elderly persons and its influence on muscle performance, balance and mobility: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-5-17"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"61","article-title":"Balance training and exercise in geriatric patients","volume":"1","author":"Runge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Musculoskel Neuron Interact."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511405078","article-title":"The effects of whole body vibration therapy on bone mineral density and leg muscle strength in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"380","article-title":"The effects of whole-body vibration on muscle strength and power: A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Osawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-015-0158-3","article-title":"Effects of whole-body vibration on proxies of muscle strength in old adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of physical capacity level","volume":"12","author":"Rogan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-5918.030.s01.ao17","article-title":"Effects of whole body vibration on muscle strength and quality of life in health elderly: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Pessoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fisioter. Mov."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-020-00247-5","article-title":"Effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Aging Phys Act."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160arabon, N., Kozinc, Z., L\u00f6fler, S., and Hofer, C. (2020). Resistance Exercise, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, and Whole-Body Vibration in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092902"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(66)90088-4","article-title":"Normal variability of tonic vibration reflexes in man","volume":"16","author":"Eklund","year":"1966","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050067","article-title":"Hormonal responses to whole-body vibration in men","volume":"81","author":"Bosco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.016857","article-title":"Whole body vibration exercise: Are vibrations good for you?","volume":"39","author":"Cardinale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"141","article-title":"Physical Functional Assessment in Older Adults","volume":"10","author":"Patrizio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Frailty Aging."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rittweger, J. (2020). Manual of Vibration Exercise and Vibration Therapy, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43985-9"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M.J., and Welch, V.A. (2022, August 10). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane. Available online: www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.8.713","article-title":"Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials","volume":"83","author":"Maher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"193","article-title":"Reporting whole-body vibration intervention studies: Recommendations of the International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions","volume":"10","author":"Rauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Heuvelen, M., Rittweger, J., Judex, S., Sa\u00f1udo, B., Seixas, A., Fuermaier, A., Tucha, O., Nyakas, C., Mar\u00edn, P.J., and Taiar, R. (2021). Reporting guidelines for whole-body vibration studies in humans, animals and cell cultures: A consensus statement from an international group of experts. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10100965"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06556-y","article-title":"Effectiveness of whole-body vibration on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"34","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318220d9bb","article-title":"Acute effect of whole-body vibration on power, one-repetition maximum, and muscle activation in power lifters","volume":"26","author":"Holden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b865d2","article-title":"Acute and cumulative effects of different times of recovery from whole body vibration exposure on muscle performance","volume":"23","author":"Vaamonde","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001681","article-title":"Effect of Direct Whole-Body Vibration on Upper-Body Muscular Power in Recreational, Resistance-Trained Men","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength. Cond. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/13\/4467\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:05:24Z","timestamp":1760126724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/13\/4467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12134467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12134467","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]}}}