{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:20:07Z","timestamp":1760149207795,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, an intimate relationship between this disease and cardiovascular diseases has been seen. However, few studies assess the development of heart failure during this infection. This study aims to determine the predisposing factors for the development of heart failure (HF) during hospital admission of COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A retrospective and multicenter study of patients with HF admitted for COVID-19 in 150 Spanish hospitals (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry). A bivariate analysis was performed to relate the different variables evaluated in patients developing heart failure during hospital admission. A multivariate analysis including the most relevant clinical variables obtained in bivariate analyses to predict the outcome of heart failure was performed. Results: A total of 16.474 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 were included (57.5% men, mean age 67 years), 958 of them (5.8%) developed HF during hospitalization. The risk factors for HF development were: age (odds ratio [OR]): 1.042; confidence interval 95% (CI 95%): 1.035\u20131.050; p &lt; 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR: 2.022; CI 95%: 1.697\u20132.410; p &lt; 0.001), BMI &gt; 30 kg\/m2 (OR: 1.460 CI 95%: 1.230\u20131.733; p &lt; 0001), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.564; CI 95%: 1.217\u20132.201; p &lt; 0.001). Patients who developed HF had a higher rate of mortality (54.1% vs. 19.1%, p &lt; 0.001), intubation rate (OR: 2,36; p &lt; 0.001), and ICU admissions (OR: 2.38; p &lt; 0001). Conclusions: Patients who presented a higher risk of developing HF were older with cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factors for HF development were age, atrial fibrillation, obesity, and peripheral vascular disease. In addition, patients who developed HF more frequently required to be intubated or admitted to the ICU.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:58:11Z","timestamp":1689213491000},"page":"4649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prognostic Factors Associated with Acute Heart Failure in Patients Admitted for COVID-19: Analysis of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-8897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"M\u00e9ndez Bail\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Lorenzo Villalba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garcia Onrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Hospital Clinico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9548-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Rubio Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge University Hospital, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Costa del Sol Hospital, 29603 Marbella, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"de los Reyes Pascual P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Elda, 03600 Elda Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9809-0363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"D\u00edaz Pedroche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Fonseca Aizpuru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cabue\u00f1es, 33394 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Villalba Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Garcia Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, 06080 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4023-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pesqueira Font\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Artero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Montero Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro\u2014Majadahonda, CIBERCV, Joaqu\u00edn Rodrigo 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alcal\u00e1 Pedrajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Pozoblanco, 14400 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0999-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Giner Galvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitari Sant Joan D\u2019Alacant, 03550 Sant Joan d\u2019Alacant, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Monge Monge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Segovia Hospital Complex, 40002 Segovia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7562-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Letona Gim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Garc\u00eda G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Urduliz Alfredo Espinosa Hospital, 48610 Urd\u00faliz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mart\u00ednez Cilleros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, HLA Moncloa University Hospital, 28008 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Puente Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital UM Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9210-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquin","family":"Escobar Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"G\u00f3mez M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003 Lugo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Ramos-Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Cl\u00ednica, Medicine School, University Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez, 03020 Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Departmento de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Gomez Huelgas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of M\u00e1laga, Biomedical Research Institute of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29016 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the SEMI-COVID-19 Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.194","article-title":"Burden of systolic and dia- stolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: 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Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/14\/4649\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1760127101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/14\/4649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12144649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12144649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]}}}