{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:24:50Z","timestamp":1772781890832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Research Council of Norway","award":["256689\/H10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["256689\/H10"]}]},{"name":"Oslo University Hospital","award":["256689\/H10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["256689\/H10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 30% of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Personality factors have been linked to PPCS, yet, the association between personality traits and outcomes after mTBI is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between personality traits, PPCS, and return to work (RTW) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from eighty-seven participants with mild-to-moderate TBI were analyzed. Sociodemographic, injury, and work characteristics and depressive symptoms were recorded 2\u20133 months post-injury. Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3. PPCS and RTW were assessed 15 months post-injury. Multiple linear regression models were performed. The factors associated with more severe PPCS were female sex, higher levels of neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness, extra-cranial injuries, and depressive symptoms. The factors associated with lower RTW were female sex, higher levels of neuroticism, and conscientiousness. However, after controlling for PPCS, personality traits were no longer significantly associated with RTW. In conclusion, specific personality traits were associated with more severe PPCS and may be indirectly associated with RTW via PPCS. Hence, personality traits may be important to assess to identify patients at risk of less favorable outcomes after mild-to-moderate TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T01:58:11Z","timestamp":1689213491000},"page":"4654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the Association between Personality Traits, Symptom Burden, and Return to Work after Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Benedikte \u00c5.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silje C. R.","family":"Fure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Andelic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4898-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"L\u00f8ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital Trust, 1453 Nesoddtangen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"L\u00f8vstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital Trust, 1453 Nesoddtangen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilie","family":"R\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilie Isager","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023732","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the who collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"36","author":"Cassidy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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