{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T01:18:14Z","timestamp":1782695894280,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To assess the difference between preformed anatomically shaped osteosynthesis plates and patient-specific implants versus conventional flat plates for the treatment of skeletal fractures in terms of anatomical reduction, operation time, approach, patient outcomes, and complications. Material and Methods: MEDLINE (1950 to February 2023), EMBASE (1966 to February 2023), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to February 2023) databases were searched. Eligible studies were randomised clinical trials, prospective controlled clinical trials, and prospective and retrospective cohort studies (n \u2265 10). Inclusion criteria were studies reporting the outcomes of preformed anatomically shaped osteosynthesis plates and patient-specific implants versus conventional flat plates after treating skeletal fractures. Outcome measures included anatomical reduction, stability, operation time, hospitalisation days, patients\u2019 outcomes, and complications. Two independent reviewers assessed the abstracts and analysed the complete texts and methodologies of the included studies. Results: In total, 21 out of the 5181 primarily selected articles matched the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in operation time in favour of the preformed anatomical plates and patient-specific implants versus conventional plates. Significant differences in operation time were found for the orbital (95% CI: \u221250.70\u20137.49, p = 0.008), upper limb (95% CI: \u221217.91\u20136.13, p &lt; 0.0001), and lower limb extremity groups (95% CI: \u221220.40\u201315.11, p &lt; 0.00001). The mean difference in the rate of anatomical reduction in the lower limb extremity group (95% CI: 1.04\u20137.62, p = 0.04) was also in favour of using preformed anatomical plates and patient-specific implants versus conventional plates. Conclusions: This systematic review showed a significant mean difference in surgery time favouring the use of preformed anatomical plates and patient-specific implants for orbital, upper, and lower limb extremity fractures. Additionally, preformed anatomical plates and patient-specific implants in the lower limb group result in a significantly higher rate of anatomical reduction versus conventional flat plates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T00:39:41Z","timestamp":1689295181000},"page":"4661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Osteosynthesis Plates versus Conventional Plates for the Treatment of Skeletal Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6260-7332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva Ilse","family":"Raghoebar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leander","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"de Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Schepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Don Griot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Essig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Zuerich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Rozema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jay, R., and Lieberman, G.E.F. 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