{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:08:58Z","timestamp":1786752538915,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a cutaneous lesion resulting from the proliferation of atypical epidermal keratinocytes caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation. AK may progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and therefore is often treated with topical agents such as 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, imiquimod, and photodynamic therapy. Tirbanibulin has been approved based on two phase III trials in the USA. However, real-world evidence for tirbanibulin is absent. Methods: This was a single-centre study of adult patients with clinically typical, visible AK on the face or scalp treated with tirbanibulin 1% ointment. Treatment was administered as per label once daily for 5 consecutive days on the same lesions or field. Treatment outcomes were assessed 4 weeks after treatment, with additional optional assessments conducted at later time points. Efficacy was measured using the actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) and digital dermoscopy. Results: A total of 33 patients were treated of whom 30 were analysed. The median AKASI score was 5.6 (1.4\u201311) pre-treatment and 1.2 (0\u20137.4) post-treatment (p &lt; 0.0001). Complete clearance as defined by AKASI scores less than 1 was achieved in 47% (n = 14) and 57% (n = 13) at the first and second follow-up, respectively. All local reactions resolved spontaneously and without sequelae. The most common local reactions were erythema (80%, n = 26) and flaking or scaling (43%, n = 13). Conclusions: Tirbanibulin 1% ointment significantly and rapidly reduced the AKASI score in a real-world setting. The complete clearance rates were in line with those observed in the two pivotal trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:15:45Z","timestamp":1690161345000},"page":"4837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment Significantly Reduces the Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index in Patients with Actinic Keratosis: Results from a Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Constantin","family":"Kirchberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hautarztzentrum Ingolstadt, Schl\u00fcterstr. 3a, 85057 Ingolstadt, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gfesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hautarztzentrum Ingolstadt, Schl\u00fcterstr. 3a, 85057 Ingolstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7136-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schliep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola","family":"Berking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4603-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus Vincent","family":"Heppt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14151","article-title":"From Actinic Keratosis to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Pathophysiology Revisited","volume":"31","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/14\/4837\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:17:08Z","timestamp":1760127428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/14\/4837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12144837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12144837","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]}}}