{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:40:56Z","timestamp":1787877656535,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital pseudarthrosis of forearm fractures is rare and is strongly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Our case report illustrates the progression of a non-union of the ulna after minor trauma in a twelve-year-old boy, newly diagnosed with NF1, and presents the technique of microsurgical bone reconstruction, including the growth plate. More than seven years after the first operation, follow-up presents a favorable outcome with a pain-free patient and unrestricted function of the forearm after a secondary correction of the remaining radial bowing. This treatment is discussed with a comprehensive review of the current literature on ulnar congenital pseudarthrosis in PubMed and Google Scholar and free fibular growth plate transfer in PubMed and Google Scholar. Nine publications reporting on 20 cases of congenital ulnar non-unions were identified. With this reconstructive option, favorable outcomes were achieved in all cases with the union after primary surgery and complications requiring further surgeries in nine cases. The benefit of vascularized growth plate bone transfer in congenital ulna non-union seems to be significant compared to other therapies such as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), non-vascularized bone grafts, or one-bone-forearms and beneficial when growth reconstruction is needed. Other techniques might be necessary to improve insufficient long-term results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12154981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T02:13:32Z","timestamp":1690769612000},"page":"4981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vascularized Growth Plate Transfer in Paediatric Ulna Non-Union: Operative Technique and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nisha M.","family":"Gr\u00fcnberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Barandun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk J.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas H.","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Children\u2019s Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Kaempfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000186241.29415.df","article-title":"Use of Free Vascularized Fibular Graft for Congenital Ulnar Pseudarthrosis: Surgical decision making in the growing child","volume":"25","author":"Bae","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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