{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:21:06Z","timestamp":1793830866312,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Ministry of Education and Science","award":["11\/W\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11\/W\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: COVID-19 can lead to functional disorders and complications, e.g., pulmonary, thromboembolic, and neurological. The neuro-invasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may result in acute brain malfunction, which manifests as delirium as a symptom. Delirium is a risk factor for death among patients hospitalized due to critical illness. Taking the above into consideration, the authors investigated risk factors for delirium in COVID-19 patients and its influence on outcomes. Methods: A total of 335 patients hospitalized due to severe forms of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Data were collected from medical charts. Results: Delirium occurred among 21.5% of patients. In the delirium group, mortality was significantly higher compared to non-delirium patients (59.7% vs. 28.5%; p &lt; 0.001). Delirium increased the risk of death, with an OR of 3.71 (95% CI 2.16\u20136.89; p &lt; 0.001). Age, chronic atrial fibrillation, elevated INR, urea, and procalcitonin, as well as decreased phosphates, appeared to be the independent risk factors for delirium occurrence. Conclusions: Delirium occurrence in patients with severe COVID-19 significantly increases the risk of death and is associated with a cardiovascular burden. Hypophosphatemia is a promising reversible factor to reduce mortality in this group of patients. However, larger studies are essential in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:24:24Z","timestamp":1690881864000},"page":"5049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["ICU Delirium Is Associated with Cardiovascular Burden and Higher Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Gutowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0195-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Klimkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Micha\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Ordak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Mo\u017ca\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3248-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Lubas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72,314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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