{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:10:12Z","timestamp":1787505012284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic rhinitis, a common allergic disease affecting a significant number of individuals worldwide, is observed in 25% of children and 40% of adults, with its highest occurrence between the ages of 20 and 40. Its pathogenesis, like other allergic diseases, involves innate and adaptive immune responses, characterized by immunologic hypersensitivity to environmental substances. This response is mediated by type 2 immunity. Within type 2 allergic diseases, certain molecules have been identified as clinical biomarkers that contribute to diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Among these biomarkers, nitric oxide has shown to play a key role in various physiological and pathological processes, including neurotransmission, immunity, inflammation, regulation of mucus and cilia, inhibition of microorganisms, and tumor cell growth. Therefore, measurement of nasal nitric oxide has been proposed as an objective method for monitoring airway obstruction and inflammation in different settings (community, hospital, rehabilitation) and in various clinical conditions, including upper airways diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The purpose of this review is to analyze the potential mechanisms contributing to the production of nasal nitric oxide in allergic rhinitis and other related health issues. Additionally, this review aims to identify potential implications for future research, treatment strategies, and long-term management of symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1690975037000},"page":"5081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical Applications of Nasal Nitric Oxide in Allergic Rhinitis: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Marcuccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Merola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fleming Clinical Laboratory, 81020 Casapulla, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8643-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 00185 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5846-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Monaldi Hospital, AO dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7389-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cantone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences\u2014ENT Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.439","article-title":"Nasal nitric oxide testing for allergic rhinitis patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immun. 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