{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:39:47Z","timestamp":1787506787076,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During pregnancy, women have an increased relative risk of exposure to infectious diseases. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of the co-occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) and sickle cell trait (SCT) and the impact on anemia outcomes among pregnant women exposed to frequent infectious diseases. Over a six-year period (March 2013 to October 2019), 8473 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) at major referral hospitals in Northern Ghana were recruited and diagnosed for common infectious diseases (malaria, syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV), G6PDd, and SCT. The prevalence of all the infections and anemia did not differ between women with and without G6PDd (\u03c72 &lt; 3.6, p &gt; 0.05 for all comparisons). Regression analysis revealed a significantly higher proportion of SCT in pregnant women with G6PDd than those without G6PDd (AOR = 1.58; p &lt; 0.011). The interaction between malaria and SCT was observed to be associated with anemia outcomes among the G6PDd women (F-statistic = 10.9, p &lt; 0.001). Our findings show that anemia is a common condition among G6PDd women attending ANCs in northern Ghana, and its outcome is impacted by malaria and SCT. This warrants further studies to understand the impact of antimalarial treatment and the blood transfusion outcomes in G6PDd\/SCT pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1690975037000},"page":"5085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Co-Occurrence of G6PD Deficiency and SCT among Pregnant Women Exposed to Infectious Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1468-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon Kofi","family":"Helegbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1883, Ghana"},{"name":"West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Wemakor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1883, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans Paul Kwame","family":"Ameade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1883, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1459-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nsoh Godwin","family":"Anabire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1883, Ghana"},{"name":"West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-152X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Anaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala P.O. Box TL 1883, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-881X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6958-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Gonzalez","family":"Zorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2007.05.002","article-title":"G6PD deficiency: The genotype-phenotype association","volume":"21","author":"Mason","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708111","article-title":"Favism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"378","author":"Luzzatto","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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