{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:04:32Z","timestamp":1781647472389,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical Univeristy","award":["DNiWZ 244\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNiWZ 244\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Appendix neuroendocrine neoplasm (ANEN) treatment is based on tumor size and proliferation markers. Recently, the role of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) from the clinical perspective has also been increasingly discussed. The FSHR is expressed in the endothelial cells of both intratumoral and peritumoral blood vessels, where it contributes to neoangiogenesis and blood vessel remodeling. FSHR expression is associated with a range of tumor types, such as gastrointestinal tumors, and it is not detected in healthy tissues located more than 10 mm from the tumor site or in tumor lymphatics. In this study, we evaluated the expression of FSHR and CD31 in the blood vessels of ANENs in females and males with confirmed histopathology. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the immunohistochemical reactions and found a higher number of microvessels in the mucosa and submucosa of neuroendocrine tumors in the appendix. A higher level of FSHR expression was observed in women. Future research should consider whether an elevated number of blood vessels along with a strong pattern of FSHR expression may influence future treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1690975037000},"page":"5086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pilot Study: FSHR Expression in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0549-5658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Starzy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Rzeszotek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6933-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kolasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Grabowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Wiszniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kudrymska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Karpi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"To\u0142oczko-Grabarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Janiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Myszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Rynio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anhelli","family":"Syrenicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Sowi\u0144ska-Przepiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 70-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.06.003","article-title":"Neuroendocrine Tumours (Carcinoids) of the Appendix","volume":"19","author":"Stinner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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