{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T05:34:13Z","timestamp":1773725653530,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Between-sex differences in the presentation, risk factors, management, and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are well documented. However, as such differences are highly sensitive to cultural and social changes, there is a need to continuously re-evaluate the evidence. The present contemporary systematic review assesses the baseline characteristics of men and women presenting to secondary, tertiary, and quaternary centres with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Over 1.4 million participants from 18 studies, including primary prospective, cross sectional and retrospective observational studies, as well as secondary analysis of registry data are included in the study. The study showed that women were more likely than men to have a previous diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure. They also had lower odds of presenting with previous ischaemic heart disease and angina, dyslipidaemia, or a smoking history. Further work is necessary to understand the reasons for these differences, and the role that gender-specific risk factors may have in this context. Moreover, how these between-gender differences are implicated in management and outcomes also requires further work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12155163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T12:38:59Z","timestamp":1691498339000},"page":"5163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Between-Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Patients with Myocardial Infarction\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jack Charles","family":"Barton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Research Group, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6835-5900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhisekh","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8480-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg Nathan","family":"Titterton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber Elyse","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kings College London, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashvin","family":"Kuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viraj","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Studying both sexes: A guiding principle for biomedicine","volume":"30","author":"Clayton","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J. 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