{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:58:04Z","timestamp":1791910684003,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a modern epidemic worldwide. Introducing renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (i.e., ACEi or ARB) not only as blood-pressure-lowering agents, but also as nephroprotective drugs with antiproteinuric potential was a milestone in the therapy of CKD. For decades, this treatment remained the only proven strategy to slow down CKD progression. This situation changed some years ago primarily due to the introduction of drugs designed to treat diabetes that turned into nephroprotective strategies not only in diabetic kidney disease, but also in CKD unrelated to diabetes. In addition, several drugs emerged that precisely target the pathogenetic mechanisms of particular kidney diseases. Finally, the role of metabolic acidosis in CKD progression (and not only the sequelae of CKD) came to light. In this review, we aim to comprehensively discuss all relevant therapies that slow down the progression of non-diabetic kidney disease, including the lowering of blood pressure, through the nephroprotective effects of ACEi\/ARB and spironolactone independent from BP lowering, as well as the role of sodium\u2013glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors, acidosis correction and disease-specific treatment strategies. We also briefly address the therapies that attempt to slow down the progression of CKD, which did not confirm this effect. We are convinced that our in-depth review with practical statements on multiple aspects of treatment offered to non-diabetic CKD fills the existing gap in the available literature. We believe that it may help clinicians who take care of CKD patients in their practice. Finally, we propose the strategy that should be implemented in most non-diabetic CKD patients to prevent disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:21:50Z","timestamp":1691576510000},"page":"5184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pharmacological Nephroprotection in Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease\u2014Clinical Practice Position Statement of the Polish Society of Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Stomp\u00f3r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Adamczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Kurnatowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Transplant Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Naumnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ist Department of Nephrology and Transplantation with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14 St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0823-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Nowicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Central University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Tylicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Winiarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group (2013). 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