{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:37Z","timestamp":1787028637308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI","award":["20K11193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K11193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a risk factor for diaphragm dysfunction and ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW); however, the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) on these relationships has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to compare the incidence of diaphragm dysfunction and ICU-AW in patients with septic shock, with and without MV. We conducted a single-center prospective observational study that included consecutive patients diagnosed with septic shock admitted to the ICU between March 2021 and February 2022. Ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickness and manual measurements of limb muscle strength were repeated after ICU admission. The incidences of diaphragm dysfunction and ICU-AW, as well as their associations with clinical outcomes, were compared between patients with MV and without MV (non-MV). Twenty-four patients (11 in the MV group and 13 in the non-MV group) were analyzed. At the final measurements in the MV group, eight patients (72.7%) had diaphragm dysfunction, and six patients (54.5%) had ICU-AW. In the non-MV group, 10 patients (76.9%) had diaphragm dysfunction, and three (23.1%) had ICU-AW. No association was found between diaphragm dysfunction and clinical outcomes. Patients with ICU-AW in the MV group had longer ICU and hospital stays. Among patients with septic shock, the incidence of diaphragm dysfunction was higher than that of ICU-AW, irrespective of the use of MV. Further studies are warranted to examine the association between diaphragm dysfunction and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:21:50Z","timestamp":1691576510000},"page":"5191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Diaphragm Dysfunction and ICU-Acquired Weakness in Septic Shock Patients with or without Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuta","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Morisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuto","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, St. Luke\u2019s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8666-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masakazu","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002872","article-title":"Temporal trends in incidence, sepsis\u2012related mortality, and hospital\u2012based acute care after sepsis","volume":"46","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. 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