{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:44:26Z","timestamp":1787841866651,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Laser surgery of the larynx is currently the standard of clinical practice in a multitude of procedures. Lasers with photoangiolytic properties have a wide application in endolaryngeal lesions. One of their most prominent features is the ability to coagulate blood vessels, reducing unwanted tissue damage. Our objective is to expose the uses of the blue laser (445 nm) in the larynx. Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out including 47 patients treated with blue photoangiolytic laser from October 2021 to January 2023 at a university hospital. Demographic data, type of lesion presented, date of intervention and scope of the procedure, as well as the parameters of the laser used, were recorded. The number of sessions received per patient, the result and complications were also collected. Results: A total of 47 patients with laryngeal lesions were treated, including vascular angiomas, laryngeal sulcus vocali, vocal cord polyps, Reinke\u2019s edemas, laryngeal papillomatoses, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal synechiae, subglottic granulomas, glottic scars, vocal fold leukoplakias, laryngeal dysplasias and tracheostomal granulomas. The mean age was 52.5 years, and 64.3% of the patients were women. The range of power used in the resective surgeries was 2\u201310 Watts with a 20-millisecond window. The average number of sessions received was 2.1 (range 1\u20134). A satisfactory situation was obtained in 45 of the 47 patients treated (95.75%), and an evident decrease in lesions was seen in the remaining two. There was no evidence of any complications directly derived from the use of the blue laser. Twenty-seven cases (54%) were treated exclusively in-office. Conclusions: The blue laser is safe and effective in the treatment of a wide range of laryngeal pathologies. Its advantages include its portability, its photoangiolytic qualities as well as its ability to vaporize tissue in contact mode, which can treat subepithelial vessels or resect lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T12:10:30Z","timestamp":1691755830000},"page":"5250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Transoral Flexible Laser Surgery of the Larynx with Blue Laser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Herranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28023 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ruiz-Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28023 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28042 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28023 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197212000-00009","article-title":"Laser surgery of the vocal cords","volume":"82","author":"Jako","year":"1972","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3283317cae","article-title":"Laser surgery for nodules and other benign laryngeal lesions","volume":"17","author":"Benninger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, J.A., Larruscain, E., Calvo-Henr\u00edquez, C., Mayo-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez, M., and Sistiaga-Suarez, J.A. (2019). CO2 Transoral Laser Microsurgery in Benign, Premalignant and Malignant (Tis, T1, T2) Lesion of the Glottis. A Literature Review. Medicines, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6030077"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199807000-00003","article-title":"A 585-nanometer pulsed dye laser treatment of laryngeal papillomas: Preliminary report","volume":"108","author":"McMillan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.113944","article-title":"A new laser treatment for vocal cord papilloma: 585-nm pulsed dye","volume":"124","author":"Valdez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200902","article-title":"585-nm pulsed dye laser treatment of glottal dysplasia","volume":"112","author":"Franco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282f1fbb2","article-title":"Office-based laryngeal laser surgery with the 532-nm pulsed-potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser","volume":"15","author":"Zeitels","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2019.02.011","article-title":"Office-Based 532-Nanometer Pulsed Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate Laser Procedures in Laryngology","volume":"52","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4S","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319899183","article-title":"The Use of 532-Nanometer-Pulsed Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) Laser in Laryngology: A Systematic Review of Current Indications, Safety, and Voice Outcomes","volume":"100","author":"Lechien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2008.09.006","article-title":"Use of lasers in laryngeal surgery","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.008","article-title":"Feasibility of transnasal flexible carbon dioxide laser surgery for laryngopharyngeal lesions","volume":"46","author":"Araki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27731","article-title":"In-office procedures for the treatment of benign vocal fold lesions in the awake patient: A contemporary review","volume":"129","author":"Sadoughi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4708-3","article-title":"Laser-assisted surgery of the upper aero-digestive tract: A clarification of nomenclature. A consensus statement of the European Laryngological Society","volume":"274","author":"Remacle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-4974-8","article-title":"New 445 nm blue laser for laryngeal surgery combines photoangiolytic and cutting properties","volume":"275","author":"Hess","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1071-0410","article-title":"Photoangiolytische Laser in der Laryngologie [Photoangiolytic Lasers in Laryngology]","volume":"99","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22451","article-title":"Proposed classification system for reporting 532-nm pulsed potassium titanyl phosphate laser treatment effects on vocal fold lesions","volume":"124","author":"Mallur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07606-1","article-title":"Transoral flexible laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract with blue laser","volume":"280","author":"Campos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105S","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320960544","article-title":"Applications of Office-Based 445 nm Blue Laser Transnasal Flexible Laser Surgery: A Case Series and Review of Practice","volume":"100","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"S0892","article-title":"Un-sedated Office-Based Application of Blue Laser in Vocal Fold Lesions","volume":"21","author":"Hamdan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Voice"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghanem, A., and Hamdan, A.L. (2022). Unsedated Office-Based Blue Laser Therapy in Female Patients with Reinke\u2019s Edema: A Retrospective Review of 8 Cases. J. Voice.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2022.08.025"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filauro, M., Ioppi, A., Vallin, A., Sampieri, C., De Vecchi, M., Gabella, G., Benzi, P., Mora, F., and Peretti, G. (2023). Office-Based Treatment of Vocal Fold Polyps and Reinke\u2019s Edema: A Rational Comparison with Suspension Laryngoscopy. Laryngoscope.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30576"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.59","article-title":"Office-Based Blue Laser Therapy for Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: A Preliminary Report of 12 Cases","volume":"7","author":"Hamdan","year":"2023","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdan, A.L., Hosri, J., Feghali, P.A.R., Abi Zeid Daou, C., and Ghanem, A. (2023). Office-based Blue Laser Therapy of Vocal Fold Polyps: A Cohort of 18 Patients: Blue Laser Therapy of Vocal Fold Polyps. Laryngoscope.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30602"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balouch, B., Ranjbar, P.A., Alnouri, G., Omari, A.I.A., Martha, V., Brennan, M., and Sataloff, R.T. (2022). Surgical Outcome of Low-Power-Density Blue Laser for Vascular Lesions of the Vocal Fold. J. Voice.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2022.05.007"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28892","article-title":"Blue Light Laser Results in Less Vocal Fold Scarring Compared to KTP Laser in Normal Rat Vocal Folds","volume":"131","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamdan, A.L., Sataloff, R.T., Ramadan, O., Eichorn, D., and Hawkshaw, M.J. (2023). Blue Laser Surgery in Laryngology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35283-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/16\/5250\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:31:45Z","timestamp":1760128305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/16\/5250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12165250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12165250","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]}}}