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In the current study, we addressed the effect of TNF-\u03b1 (-308G\/A) gene polymorphism on circulating TNF-\u03b1 levels following continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the RICCADSA trial (NCT00519597) conducted in Sweden. CAD patients with OSA (apnea\u2013hypopnea index) of \u226515 events\/h and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of &lt;10 were randomized to CPAP or no-CPAP groups, and OSA patients with an ESS score of \u226510 were offered CPAP treatment. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 12-month follow-up visits. TNF-\u03b1 was measured by immunoassay (Luminex, R&amp;D Systems). Genotyping of TNF-\u03b1-308G\/A (single nucleotide polymorphism Rs1800629) was performed by polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: In all, 239 participants (206 men and 33 women; mean age 64.9 (SD 7.7) years) with polymorphism data and circulating levels of TNF-\u03b1 at baseline and 1-year follow-up visits were included. The median circulating TNF-\u03b1 values fell in both groups between baseline and 12 months with no significant within- or between-group differences. In a multivariate linear regression model, a significant change in circulating TNF-\u03b1 levels from baseline across the genotypes from GA to GA and GA to AA (standardized \u03b2-coefficient \u22120.129, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22121.82; \u22120.12; p = 0.025) was observed in the entire cohort. The association was more pronounced among the individuals who were using the device for at least 4 h\/night (n = 86; standardized \u03b2-coefficient \u22122.979 (95% CI \u22126.11; \u22121.21); p = 0.004)), whereas no significant association was found among the patients who were non-adherent or randomized to no-CPAP. The participants carrying the TNF-\u03b1 A allele were less responsive to CPAP treatment regarding the decline in circulating TNF-\u03b1 despite CPAP adherence (standardized \u03b2-coefficient \u22120.212, (95% CI \u22125.66; \u22121.01); p = 0.005). Conclusions: Our results suggest that TNF-\u03b1 (-308G\/A) gene polymorphism is associated with changes in circulating TNF-\u03b1 levels in response to CPAP treatment in adults with CAD and OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T10:09:33Z","timestamp":1692180573000},"page":"5325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of TNF-\u03b1 (-308G\/A) Gene Polymorphism with Changes in Circulating TNF-\u03b1 Levels in Response to CPAP Treatment in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yeliz","family":"Celik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u00fcksel","family":"Peker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0129-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00fclay","family":"Yucel-Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilia","family":"Thelander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedicine, School of Heath Sciences, University of Sk\u00f6vde, 54128 Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afrouz","family":"Behboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedicine, School of Heath Sciences, University of Sk\u00f6vde, 54128 Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00846-6","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea heterogeneity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Redline","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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