{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T11:52:29Z","timestamp":1793361149847,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to access the perifoveolar and peripapillary vascular density (VD) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) in eyes with optic neuritis (ON) and in fellow eyes, then compare that to healthy controls. Method: This is a cross-sectional study including 22 patients with unilateral ON and 20 control eyes of healthy subjects. A complete clinical examination and OCT-A were performed at least 6 months after the acute episode of optic neuritis. Vascular plexuses of the peripapillary and perifoveolar images obtained from OCT-A were used to calculate the VD in each plexus: superficial, deep, and peripapillary capillaries for each group (ON eyes, fellow eyes, healthy eyes). Results: Compared to healthy control eyes, in the peripapillary area, we found a significant decrease in VD not only in ON eyes but also in fellow eyes in average (p \u2264 0.05) and in the temporal sector (p &lt; 0.001). In the perifoveolar area, the VD of the superficial capillary plexus is decreased in all sectors (p &lt; 0.001) in ON eyes and only in the upper sector (p = 0.037) of fellow eyes compared to control eyes. VD correlates with ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness in ON and in fellow eyes. Conclusion: Peripapillary vascular density is decreased in both affected eyes and fellow eyes after a unilateral episode of optic neuritis, suggesting a subclinical involvement of the disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism and clinical implications of these data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T01:46:56Z","timestamp":1692582416000},"page":"5403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Retinal Vascular Density Using Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography in Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Codron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Amiens University Hospital, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9066-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi Ha Chau","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Amiens University Hospital, 80000 Amiens, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, INSERM U1172, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02769273","article-title":"Ueber Complication von Sehnervenentz\u00fcndung mit Gehirnkrankheiten","volume":"7","year":"1860","journal-title":"Arch. F\u00fcr Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Optic neuritis: Historical aspects","volume":"21","author":"Volpe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Ophthalmol. Off. J. N. Am. Neuro-Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00200-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis","volume":"21","author":"Petzold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis","volume":"135","author":"Syc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.08.012","article-title":"Imaging of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer in acute optic neuritis","volume":"250","author":"Pro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515598020","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell layer thinning within one month of presentation for optic neuritis","volume":"22","author":"Kupersmith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2015.10.008","article-title":"Ganglion cell analysis in acute optic neuritis","volume":"5","author":"Behbehani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.10.001","article-title":"Subclinical retinal atrophy in the unaffected fellow eyes of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"313","author":"Akaishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310477","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography enhances the detection of optic nerve damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"102","author":"Spain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517750009","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates associations of the retinal vascular network and disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Feucht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304547","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic nerve head and parafovea in multiple sclerosis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17344-3","article-title":"Microvascular changes in the macular and parafoveal areas of multiple sclerosis patients without optic neuritis","volume":"12","author":"Bostan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14577","article-title":"Peripapillary and parafoveal microvascular changes in eyes with optic neuritis and their fellow eyes measured by optical coherence tomography angiography: An Exploratory Study","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000502458","article-title":"OCT Angiography: Measurement of Retinal Macular Microvasculature with Spectralis II OCT Angiography\u2014Reliability and Reproducibility","volume":"243","author":"Hosari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A Tlreshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.04.026","article-title":"Altered Macular Microvasculature in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders","volume":"192","author":"Kwapong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517729463","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography retinal vascular network assessment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Lanzillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102780","article-title":"Differential patterns of parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24351","article-title":"Dynamics of retinal injury after acute optic neuritis","volume":"77","author":"Gabilondo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.008","article-title":"Pattern of hemodynamic impairment in multiple sclerosis: Dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging at 3.0 T","volume":"33","author":"Adhya","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70105-3","article-title":"Vascular aspects of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Cambron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.12.036","article-title":"White matter hemodynamic abnormalities precede sub-cortical gray matter changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"282","author":"Varga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1612444","article-title":"Retinal Tissue Perfusion in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8531-y","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell analysis in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"264","author":"Britze","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507087326","article-title":"Axonal loss in the retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Pueyo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006873","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography is highly sensitive in detecting prior optic neuritis","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A four-year study","volume":"78","author":"Saidha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13770","article-title":"Retinal vascular density in multiple sclerosis: A 1-year follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Lanzillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/16\/5403\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:37:49Z","timestamp":1760128669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/12\/16\/5403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm12165403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12165403","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]]}}}