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(MIRECC)","award":["W81XWH-08-2-0159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-08-2-0159"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)","award":["804326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["804326"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)","award":["NIH P41EB015902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH P41EB015902"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)","award":["R01 NS100952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS100952"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)","award":["R01 NS115957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS115957"]}]},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)","award":["R01 HD090641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD090641"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gray matter\/white matter (GM\/WM) boundary of the brain is vulnerable to shear strain associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It is, however, unknown whether GM\/WM microstructure is associated with long-term outcomes following mTBI. The diffusion and structural MRI data of 278 participants between 18 and 65 years of age with and without military background from the Department of Defense INTRuST study were analyzed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted at the GM\/WM boundary across the brain and for each lobe. Additionally, two conventional analytic approaches were used: whole-brain deep WM FA (TBSS) and whole-brain cortical thickness (FreeSurfer). ANCOVAs were applied to assess differences between the mTBI cohort (n = 147) and the comparison cohort (n = 131). Associations between imaging features and post-concussive symptom severity, and functional and cognitive impairment were investigated using partial correlations while controlling for mental health comorbidities that are particularly common among military cohorts and were present in both the mTBI and comparison group. Findings revealed significantly lower whole-brain and lobe-specific GM\/WM boundary FA (p &lt; 0.011), and deep WM FA (p = 0.001) in the mTBI cohort. Whole-brain and lobe-specific GM\/WM boundary FA was significantly negatively correlated with post-concussive symptoms (p &lt; 0.039), functional (p &lt; 0.016), and cognitive impairment (p &lt; 0.049). Deep WM FA was associated with functional impairment (p = 0.002). Finally, no significant difference was observed in cortical thickness, nor between cortical thickness and outcome (p &gt; 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that microstructural alterations at the GM\/WM boundary may be sensitive markers of adverse long-term outcomes following mTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12165415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T09:07:16Z","timestamp":1692608836000},"page":"5415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Adverse Outcome Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated with Microstructure Alterations at the Gray and White Matter Boundary"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Pankatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-3690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philine","family":"Rojczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Seitz-Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1326-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Bouix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de g\u00e9nie logiciel et TI, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim L. T.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena M.","family":"Bonke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 82152 Planegg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t, 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Carrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Twishi","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Rathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Pasternak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Somerville, MA 02145, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. 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